An Act respecting the protection of wildlife species at risk in CanadaSpecies at Risk ActSpecies at Risk200212
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S-15.3292002PreambleRecognizing thatCanada’s natural heritage is an integral part of our national identity and history,wildlife, in all its forms, has value in and of itself and is valued by Canadians for aesthetic, cultural, spiritual, recreational, educational, historical, economic, medical, ecological and scientific reasons,Canadian wildlife species and ecosystems are also part of the world’s heritage and the Government of Canada has ratified the United Nations Convention on the Conservation of Biological Diversity,providing legal protection for species at risk will complement existing legislation and will, in part, meet Canada’s commitments under that Convention,the Government of Canada is committed to conserving biological diversity and to the principle that, if there are threats of serious or irreversible damage to a wildlife species, cost-effective measures to prevent the reduction or loss of the species should not be postponed for a lack of full scientific certainty,responsibility for the conservation of wildlife in Canada is shared among the governments in this country and that it is important for them to work cooperatively to pursue the establishment of complementary legislation and programs for the protection and recovery of species at risk in Canada,it is important that there be cooperation between the governments in this country to maintain and strengthen national standards of environmental conservation and that the Government of Canada is committed to the principles set out in intergovernmental agreements respecting environmental conservation,the Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council is to provide national leadership for the protection of species at risk, including the provision of general direction to the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada in respect of that Committee’s activities and general directions in respect of the development, coordination and implementation of recovery efforts,the roles of the aboriginal peoples of Canada and of wildlife management boards established under land claims agreements in the conservation of wildlife in this country are essential,all Canadians have a role to play in the conservation of wildlife in this country, including the prevention of wildlife species from becoming extirpated or extinct,there will be circumstances under which the cost of conserving species at risk should be shared,the conservation efforts of individual Canadians and communities should be encouraged and supported,stewardship activities contributing to the conservation of wildlife species and their habitat should be supported to prevent species from becoming at risk,community knowledge and interests, including socio-economic interests, should be considered in developing and implementing recovery measures,the traditional knowledge of the aboriginal peoples of Canada should be considered in the assessment of which species may be at risk and in developing and implementing recovery measures,knowledge of wildlife species and ecosystems is critical to their conservation,the habitat of species at risk is key to their conservation, andCanada’s protected areas, especially national parks, are vital to the protection and recovery of species at risk,NOW, THEREFORE, Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows:Short Title
Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Species at Risk Act.
Interpretation
DefinitionsThe definitions in this subsection apply in this Act.action plan means an action plan included in the public registry under subsection 50(3) and includes any amendment to it included in the public registry under section 52. (plan d’action)alternative measures means measures, other than judicial proceedings, that are used to deal with a person who is alleged to have committed an offence. (mesures de rechange)aquatic species means a wildlife species that is a fish, as defined in section 2 of the Fisheries Act, or a marine plant, as defined in section 47 of that Act. (espèce aquatique)Attorney General means the Attorney General of Canada or, for the purposes of sections 108 to 113, an agent of the Attorney General of Canada. (procureur général)Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council means the Council referred to in subsection 7(1). (Conseil canadien pour la conservation des espèces en péril)competent minister meansthe Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency with respect to individuals in or on federal lands administered by that Agency;the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans with respect to aquatic species, other than individuals mentioned in paragraph (a); andthe Minister of the Environment with respect to all other individuals. (ministre compétent)conveyance means a vehicle, aircraft or water-borne craft or any other contrivance that is used to move persons or goods. (moyen de transport)COSEWIC means the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada established by section 14. (COSEPAC)critical habitat means the habitat that is necessary for the survival or recovery of a listed wildlife species and that is identified as the species’ critical habitat in the recovery strategy or in an action plan for the species. (habitat essentiel)emergency order means an order made under section 80. (décret d’urgence)endangered species means a wildlife species that is facing imminent extirpation or extinction. (espèce en voie de disparition)extirpated species means a wildlife species that no longer exists in the wild in Canada, but exists elsewhere in the wild. (espèce disparue du pays)federal land meansland that belongs to Her Majesty in right of Canada, or that Her Majesty in right of Canada has the power to dispose of, and all waters on and airspace above that land;the internal waters of Canada and the territorial sea of Canada; andreserves and any other lands that are set apart for the use and benefit of a band under the Indian Act, and all waters on and airspace above those reserves and lands. (territoire domanial)habitat meansin respect of aquatic species, spawning grounds and nursery, rearing, food supply, migration and any other areas on which aquatic species depend directly or indirectly in order to carry out their life processes, or areas where aquatic species formerly occurred and have the potential to be reintroduced; andin respect of other wildlife species, the area or type of site where an individual or wildlife species naturally occurs or depends on directly or indirectly in order to carry out its life processes or formerly occurred and has the potential to be reintroduced. (habitat)individual means an individual of a wildlife species, whether living or dead, at any developmental stage and includes larvae, embryos, eggs, sperm, seeds, pollen, spores and asexual propagules. (individu)land claims agreement means a land claims agreement within the meaning of section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982. (accord sur des revendications territoriales)List means the List of Wildlife Species at Risk set out in Schedule 1. (liste)listed means listed on the List. (inscrite)Minister means the Minister of the Environment. (ministre)offence means an offence under this Act. (infraction)provincial minister means any minister of the government of a province who is responsible for the conservation and management of a wildlife species in that province. (ministre provincial)public registry means the registry established under section 120. (registre)recovery strategy means a recovery strategy included in the public registry under subsection 43(2), and includes any amendment to it included in the public registry under section 45. (programme de rétablissement)residence means a dwelling-place, such as a den, nest or other similar area or place, that is occupied or habitually occupied by one or more individuals during all or part of their life cycles, including breeding, rearing, staging, wintering, feeding or hibernating. (résidence)sell includes to offer for sale or lease, have in possession for sale or lease or deliver for sale or lease. (vente)species at risk means an extirpated, endangered or threatened species or a species of special concern. (espèce en péril)species of special concern means a wildlife species that may become a threatened or an endangered species because of a combination of biological characteristics and identified threats. (espèce préoccupante)status report means a report, prepared in accordance with the requirements of regulations made under subsection 21(2), that contains a summary of the best available information on the status of a wildlife species, including scientific knowledge, community knowledge and aboriginal traditional knowledge. (rapport de situation)territorial minister means any minister of the government of a territory who is responsible for the conservation and management of a wildlife species in that territory. (ministre territorial)threatened species means a wildlife species that is likely to become an endangered species if nothing is done to reverse the factors leading to its extirpation or extinction. (espèce menacée)treaty means a treaty within the meaning of section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982. (traité)wildlife management board means any board or other body established under a land claims agreement that is authorized by the agreement to perform functions in respect of wildlife species. (conseil de gestion des ressources fauniques)wildlife species means a species, subspecies, variety or geographically or genetically distinct population of animal, plant or other organism, other than a bacterium or virus, that is wild by nature andis native to Canada; orhas extended its range into Canada without human intervention and has been present in Canada for at least 50 years. (espèce sauvage)DeemingFor the purposes of the definition wildlife species in subsection (1), a species, subspecies, variety or geographically or genetically distinct population is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, presumed to have been present in Canada for at least 50 years.Competent ministerA reference to a competent minister in any provision of this Act is to be read as a reference to the competent minister in respect of the wildlife species, or the individuals of the wildlife species, to which the provision relates.2002, c. 29, ss. 2, 141.1; 2005, c. 2, s. 14
[Repealed, 2024, c. 30, s. 24]
Sedentary living organismsThis Act also applies to sedentary living organisms on or under the continental shelf of Canada outside the exclusive economic zone.Meaning of sedentaryFor the purpose of subsection (1), a living organism is sedentary if it is, at the harvestable stage, either immobile on or under the seabed or is unable to move except in constant physical contact with the seabed or subsoil.
Her Majesty
Binding on Her MajestyThis Act is binding on Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province.
Purposes
PurposesThe purposes of this Act are to prevent wildlife species from being extirpated or becoming extinct, to provide for the recovery of wildlife species that are extirpated, endangered or threatened as a result of human activity and to manage species of special concern to prevent them from becoming endangered or threatened.
Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council
CompositionThe Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council consists of the Minister of the Environment, the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, the Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency and ministers of the government of a province or a territory who are responsible for the conservation and management of a wildlife species in that province or territory.RoleThe role of the Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council is toprovide general direction on the activities of COSEWIC, the preparation of recovery strategies and the preparation and implementation of action plans; andcoordinate the activities of the various governments represented on the Council relating to the protection of species at risk.2002, c. 29, s. 7; 2005, c. 2, s. 15
Administration of Act
Responsibility of MinisterThe Minister is responsible for the administration of this Act, except in so far as this Act gives responsibility to another minister.DelegationThe Minister, the Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency or the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans may, after consultation with the other two ministers, delegate to any minister of the Crown in right of Canada or of a province or to any person who is employed by the Government of Canada, the government of a province or any other government in Canada any of that Minister’s powers or functions under this Act, relating to its enforcement.Agreement and reporting obligationThe delegation must be the subject of an agreement between the delegating minister and the delegate and the agreement must provide that the delegate is to prepare an annual report for the delegating minister on the activities undertaken under the agreement. A copy of the agreement must be included in the public registry within 45 days after it is entered into, and a copy of every annual report must be included in the public registry within 45 days after it is received by the delegating minister.2002, c. 29, s. 8; 2005, c. 2, s. 16
National Aboriginal Council on Species at RiskThe Minister shall establish a Council, to be known as the National Aboriginal Council on Species at Risk, consisting of six representatives of the aboriginal peoples of Canada selected by the Minister based upon recommendations from aboriginal organizations that the Minister considers appropriate. The role of the Council is toadvise the Minister on the administration of this Act; andprovide advice and recommendations to the Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council.
Advisory committees to assist MinisterThe Minister may, after consultation with the Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency and the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, establish one or more committees to advise the Minister on the administration of this Act.Advisory committees to assist CouncilThe Minister may, after consultation with the Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency, the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans and the Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council, establish one or more committees to advise the Council on matters related to the Council’s role.2002, c. 29, s. 9; 2005, c. 2, s. 17
Administrative agreementsA competent minister may, after consultation with every other competent minister, enter into an agreement with any government in Canada, organization or wildlife management board with respect to the administration of any provision of this Act for which that competent minister has responsibility, including the preparation and implementation of recovery strategies, action plans and management plans.
Stewardship Action Plan
Stewardship action planThe Minister, after consultation with the Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council, may establish a stewardship action plan that creates incentives and other measures to support voluntary stewardship actions taken by any government in Canada, organization or person. A copy of the stewardship action plan must be included in the public registry.
ContentsThe stewardship action plan must include, but is not limited to, commitments toregularly examine incentives and programs that support actions taken by persons to protect species at risk;provide information and increase public awareness about species at risk;methods for sharing information about species at risk, including community and aboriginal traditional knowledge, that respect, preserve and maintain knowledge and promote their wider application with the approval of the holders of such knowledge, with other governments and persons;create awards and recognition programs;provide information respecting programs related to stewardship agreements, land conservation easements and other such agreements; andprovide information relating to the technical and scientific support available to persons engaged in stewardship activities.
Stewardship
Conservation agreements — species at riskA competent minister may, after consultation with every other competent minister, and with the Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council or any of its members if he or she considers it appropriate to do so, enter into a conservation agreement with any government in Canada, organization or person to benefit a species at risk or enhance its survival in the wild.ContentsThe agreement must provide for the taking of conservation measures and any other measures consistent with the purposes of this Act, and may include measures with respect tomonitoring the status of the species;developing and implementing education and public awareness programs;developing and implementing recovery strategies, action plans and management plans;protecting the species’ habitat, including its critical habitat; orundertaking research projects in support of recovery efforts for the species.
Conservation agreements — other speciesA competent minister may, after consultation with every other competent minister, and with the Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council or any of its members if he or she considers it appropriate to do so, enter into an agreement with any government in Canada, organization or person to provide for the conservation of a wildlife species that is not a species at risk.ContentsThe agreement may provide for the taking of conservation measures and any other measures consistent with the purposes of this Act, including measures with respect tomonitoring the status of the species;developing and implementing education and public awareness programs;protecting the species’ habitat; andpreventing the species from becoming a species at risk.
Funding agreementsA competent minister may enter into an agreement with any government in Canada, organization or person to provide for the payment of contributions towards the costs of programs and measures for the conservation of wildlife species, including programs and measures under an agreement entered into under subsection 11(1) or 12(1).Provisions to be includedThe agreement must specifythe contribution towards the cost of the program or measure that is payable by any party and the time or times at which any amounts under the agreement will be paid;the authority or person who will be responsible for operating and maintaining the program or measure or any part of it;the proportions of any revenue from the program or measure that is payable to the parties; andthe terms and conditions governing the operation and maintenance of the program or measure.
Wildlife Species Listing ProcessCommittee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada
EstablishmentThe Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada is hereby established.
FunctionsThe functions of COSEWIC are toassess the status of each wildlife species considered by COSEWIC to be at risk and, as part of the assessment, identify existing and potential threats to the species andclassify the species as extinct, extirpated, endangered, threatened or of special concern,indicate that COSEWIC does not have sufficient information to classify the species, orindicate that the species is not currently at risk;determine when wildlife species are to be assessed, with priority given to those more likely to become extinct;conduct a new assessment of the status of species at risk and, if appropriate, reclassify or declassify them;indicate in the assessment whether the wildlife species migrates across Canada’s boundary or has a range extending across Canada’s boundary;develop and periodically review criteria for assessing the status of wildlife species and for classifying them and recommend the criteria to the Minister and the Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council; andprovide advice to the Minister and the Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council and perform any other functions that the Minister, after consultation with that Council, may assign.Best information and knowledgeCOSEWIC must carry out its functions on the basis of the best available information on the biological status of a species, including scientific knowledge, community knowledge and aboriginal traditional knowledge.Treaties and land claims agreementsCOSEWIC must take into account any applicable provisions of treaty and land claims agreements when carrying out its functions.
CompositionCOSEWIC is to be composed of members appointed by the Minister after consultation with the Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council and with any experts and expert bodies, such as the Royal Society of Canada, that the Minister considers to have relevant expertise.Qualifications of membersEach member must have expertise drawn from a discipline such as conservation biology, population dynamics, taxonomy, systematics or genetics or from community knowledge or aboriginal traditional knowledge of the conservation of wildlife species.Term of appointmentThe members are to be appointed to hold office for renewable terms of not more than four years.Not part of the public service of CanadaThe members are not, because of being a member, part of the public service of Canada.Remuneration and expensesThe members may be paid remuneration and expenses for their services in amounts that the Minister may set.DiscretionEach member of COSEWIC shall exercise his or her discretion in an independent manner.
Regulations and guidelinesThe Minister may, after consultation with the Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council and COSEWIC, establish regulations or guidelines respecting the appointment of members and the carrying out of COSEWIC’s functions.
SubcommitteesCOSEWIC must establish subcommittees of specialists to assist in the preparation and review of status reports on wildlife species considered to be at risk, including subcommittees specializing in groups of wildlife species and a subcommittee specializing in aboriginal traditional knowledge, and it may establish other subcommittees to advise it or to exercise or perform any of its functions.MembershipEach subcommittee must be presided over by a member of COSEWIC, but the subcommittee may include persons who are not members of COSEWIC.Aboriginal traditional knowledge subcommitteeSubject to subsection (2), the chairperson and members of the aboriginal traditional knowledge subcommittee must be appointed by the Minister after consultation with any aboriginal organization he or she considers appropriate.
RulesCOSEWIC may make rules respecting the holding of meetings and the general conduct of its activities, including rules respectingthe selection of persons to chair its meetings; andthe meetings and activities of any of its subcommittees.
Staff and facilitiesThe Minister must provide COSEWIC with any professional, technical, secretarial, clerical and other assistance, and any facilities and supplies, that, in his or her opinion, are necessary to carry out its functions.
Status reportsCOSEWIC’s assessment of the status of a wildlife species must be based on a status report on the species that COSEWIC either has had prepared or has received with an application.ContentThe Minister may, after consultation with COSEWIC, the Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency and the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, make regulations establishing the content of status reports.2002, c. 29, s. 21; 2005, c. 2, s. 18
ApplicationsAny person may apply to COSEWIC for an assessment of the status of a wildlife species.RegulationsThe Minister may, after consultation with the Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency, the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans and the Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council, make regulations respecting the making of applications to COSEWIC under subsection (1) and the dealing with of those applications by COSEWIC.2002, c. 29, s. 22; 2005, c. 2, s. 19
Time for assessmentCOSEWIC must assess the status of a wildlife species within one year after it receives a status report on the species, and it must provide reasons for its assessment.Notification of applicantIf the assessment results from an application, COSEWIC must notify the applicant of the assessment and the reasons.
Reviews and Reports
Review of classificationsCOSEWIC must review the classification of each species at risk at least once every 10 years, or at any time if it has reason to believe that the status of the species has changed significantly.
Copies to Minister and CouncilWhen COSEWIC completes an assessment of the status of a wildlife species, it must provide the Minister and the Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council with a copy of the assessment and the reasons for it. A copy of the assessment and the reasons must also be included in the public registry.COSEWIC listCOSEWIC must annually prepare a complete list of every wildlife species it has assessed since the coming into force of this section and a copy of that list must be included in the public registry.Report on responseOn receiving a copy of an assessment of the status of a wildlife species from COSEWIC under subsection (1), the Minister must, within 90 days, include in the public registry a report on how the Minister intends to respond to the assessment and, to the extent possible, provide time lines for action.
Annual reportsCOSEWIC must annually provide a report on its activities to the Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council and a copy of that report must be included in the public registry.
List of Wildlife Species at Risk
Power to amend ListThe Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister, by order amend the List in accordance with subsections (1.1) and (1.2) by adding a wildlife species, by reclassifying a listed wildlife species or by removing a listed wildlife species, and the Minister may, by order, amend the List in a similar fashion in accordance with subsection (3).Decision in respect of assessmentSubject to subsection (3), the Governor in Council, within nine months after receiving an assessment of the status of a species by COSEWIC, may review that assessment and may, on the recommendation of the Minister,accept the assessment and add the species to the List;decide not to add the species to the List; orrefer the matter back to COSEWIC for further information or consideration.Statement of reasonsWhere the Governor in Council takes a course of action under paragraph (1.1)(b) or (c), the Minister shall, after the approval of the Governor in Council, include a statement in the public registry setting out the reasons.Pre-conditions for recommendationBefore making a recommendation in respect of a wildlife species or a species at risk, the Minister musttake into account the assessment of COSEWIC in respect of the species;consult the competent minister or ministers; andif the species is found in an area in respect of which a wildlife management board is authorized by a land claims agreement to perform functions in respect of a wildlife species, consult the wildlife management board.Amendment of List by MinisterWhere the Governor in Council has not taken a course of action under subsection (1.1) within nine months after receiving an assessment of the status of a species by COSEWIC, the Minister shall, by order, amend the List in accordance with COSEWIC’s assessment.
Applications for assessment of imminent threatAny person who considers that there is an imminent threat to the survival of a wildlife species may apply to COSEWIC for an assessment of the threat for the purpose of having the species listed on an emergency basis under subsection 29(1) as an endangered species.Information to be included in applicationThe application must include relevant information indicating that there is an imminent threat to the survival of the species.RegulationsThe Minister may, after consultation with the Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency, the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans and the Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council, make regulations respecting the making of applications to COSEWIC under subsection (1) and the dealing with of those applications by COSEWIC.NoticeCOSEWIC must provide the applicant, the Minister and the Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council with a copy of its assessment. A copy of the assessment must be included in the public registry.2002, c. 29, s. 28; 2005, c. 2, s. 20
Emergency listingIf the Minister is of the opinion that there is an imminent threat to the survival of a wildlife species, the Minister must, on an emergency basis, after consultation with every other competent minister, make a recommendation to the Governor in Council that the List be amended to list the species as an endangered species.Formation of opinionThe Minister may arrive at that opinion on the basis of his or her own information or on the basis of COSEWIC’s assessment.ExemptionIf a recommendation is made under subsection (1), subsection 27(2) does not apply to any order that is made under subsection 27(1) on the basis of that recommendation, and the order is exempt from the application of section 3 of the Statutory Instruments Act.
ReviewAs soon as possible after an order is made on the basis of a recommendation referred to in subsection 29(1), COSEWIC must have a status report on the wildlife species prepared and, within one year after the making of the order, COSEWIC must, in a report in writing to the Minister,confirm the classification of the species;recommend to the Minister that the species be reclassified; orrecommend to the Minister that the species be removed from the List.Copy of reportWithin 30 days after the report is received by the Minister, a copy of the report must be included in the public registry.
Recommendation to amend ListIf COSEWIC makes a recommendation under paragraph 30(1)(b) or (c), the Minister may make a recommendation to the Governor in Council with respect to amending the List.
Measures to Protect Listed Wildlife SpeciesGeneral Prohibitions
Killing, harming, etc., listed wildlife speciesNo person shall kill, harm, harass, capture or take an individual of a wildlife species that is listed as an extirpated species, an endangered species or a threatened species.Possession, collection, etc.No person shall possess, collect, buy, sell or trade an individual of a wildlife species that is listed as an extirpated species, an endangered species or a threatened species, or any part or derivative of such an individual.DeemingFor the purposes of subsection (2), any animal, plant or thing that is represented to be an individual, or a part or derivative of an individual, of a wildlife species that is listed as an extirpated species, an endangered species or a threatened species is deemed, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, to be such an individual or a part or derivative of such an individual.
Damage or destruction of residenceNo person shall damage or destroy the residence of one or more individuals of a wildlife species that is listed as an endangered species or a threatened species, or that is listed as an extirpated species if a recovery strategy has recommended the reintroduction of the species into the wild in Canada.
Application — certain species in provincesWith respect to individuals of a listed wildlife species that is not an aquatic species or a species of birds that are migratory birds protected by the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994, sections 32 and 33 do not apply in lands in a province that are not federal lands unless an order is made under subsection (2) to provide that they apply.OrderThe Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister, by order, provide that sections 32 and 33, or either of them, apply in lands in a province that are not federal lands with respect to individuals of a listed wildlife species that is not an aquatic species or a species of birds that are migratory birds protected by the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994.Obligation to make recommendationThe Minister must recommend that the order be made if the Minister is of the opinion that the laws of the province do not effectively protect the species or the residences of its individuals.ConsultationBefore recommending that the Governor in Council make an order under subsection (2), the Minister must consultthe appropriate provincial minister; andif the species is found in an area in respect of which a wildlife management board is authorized by a land claims agreement to perform functions in respect of wildlife species, the wildlife management board.
Application — certain species in territoriesSections 32 and 33 apply in each of the territories in respect of a listed wildlife species only to the extent that the Governor in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister, makes an order providing that they, or any of them, apply.ExceptionSubsection (1) does not applyin respect of individuals of aquatic species and their habitat or species of birds that are migratory birds protected by the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994; oron land under the authority of the Minister or the Parks Canada Agency.Obligation to make recommendationThe Minister must recommend that the order be made if the Minister is of the opinion that the laws of the territory do not effectively protect the species or the residences of its individuals.Pre-conditions for recommendationBefore recommending that an order be made under subsection (1), the Minister mustconsult the appropriate territorial minister; andif the species is found in an area in respect of which a wildlife management board is authorized by a land claims agreement to perform functions in respect of wildlife species, consult the wildlife management board.
Prohibitions re provincial and territorial classificationsIf a wildlife species that is not listed has been classified as an endangered species or a threatened species by a provincial or territorial minister, no person shallkill, harm, harass, capture or take an individual of that species that is on federal lands in the province or territory;possess, collect, buy, sell or trade an individual of that species that is on federal lands in the province or territory, or any part or derivative of such an individual; ordamage or destroy the residence of one or more individuals of that species that is on federal lands in the province or territory.ApplicationSubsection (1) applies only in respect of the portions of the federal lands that the Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the competent minister, by order, specify.
Recovery of Endangered, Threatened and Extirpated SpeciesRecovery Strategy
Preparation — endangered or threatened speciesIf a wildlife species is listed as an extirpated species, an endangered species or a threatened species, the competent minister must prepare a strategy for its recovery.More than one competent ministerIf there is more than one competent minister with respect to the wildlife species, they must prepare the strategy together and every reference to competent minister in sections 38 to 46 is to be read as a reference to the competent ministers.
Commitments to be consideredIn preparing a recovery strategy, action plan or management plan, the competent minister must consider the commitment of the Government of Canada to conserving biological diversity and to the principle that, if there are threats of serious or irreversible damage to the listed wildlife species, cost-effective measures to prevent the reduction or loss of the species should not be postponed for a lack of full scientific certainty.
Cooperation with othersTo the extent possible, the recovery strategy must be prepared in cooperation withthe appropriate provincial and territorial minister for each province and territory in which the listed wildlife species is found;every minister of the Government of Canada who has authority over federal land or other areas on which the species is found;if the species is found in an area in respect of which a wildlife management board is authorized by a land claims agreement to perform functions in respect of wildlife species, the wildlife management board;every aboriginal organization that the competent minister considers will be directly affected by the recovery strategy; andany other person or organization that the competent minister considers appropriate.Land claims agreementIf the listed wildlife species is found in an area in respect of which a wildlife management board is authorized by a land claims agreement to perform functions in respect of wildlife species, the recovery strategy must be prepared, to the extent that it will apply to that area, in accordance with the provisions of the agreement.ConsultationTo the extent possible, the recovery strategy must be prepared in consultation with any landowners and other persons whom the competent minister considers to be directly affected by the strategy, including the government of any other country in which the species is found.
Determination of feasibilityIn preparing the recovery strategy, the competent minister must determine whether the recovery of the listed wildlife species is technically and biologically feasible. The determination must be based on the best available information, including information provided by COSEWIC.
Contents if recovery feasibleIf the competent minister determines that the recovery of the listed wildlife species is feasible, the recovery strategy must address the threats to the survival of the species identified by COSEWIC, including any loss of habitat, and must includea description of the species and its needs that is consistent with information provided by COSEWIC;an identification of the threats to the survival of the species and threats to its habitat that is consistent with information provided by COSEWIC and a description of the broad strategy to be taken to address those threats;an identification of the species’ critical habitat, to the extent possible, based on the best available information, including the information provided by COSEWIC, and examples of activities that are likely to result in its destruction;a schedule of studies to identify critical habitat, where available information is inadequate;a statement of the population and distribution objectives that will assist the recovery and survival of the species, and a general description of the research and management activities needed to meet those objectives;any other matters that are prescribed by the regulations;a statement about whether additional information is required about the species; anda statement of when one or more action plans in relation to the recovery strategy will be completed.Contents if recovery not feasibleIf the competent minister determines that the recovery of the listed wildlife species is not feasible, the recovery strategy must include a description of the species and its needs, an identification of the species’ critical habitat to the extent possible, and the reasons why its recovery is not feasible.Multi-species or ecosystem approach permissibleThe competent minister may adopt a multi-species or an ecosystem approach when preparing the recovery strategy if he or she considers it appropriate to do so.RegulationsThe Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister after consultation with the Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency and the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, make regulations for the purpose of paragraph (1)(e) prescribing matters to be included in a recovery strategy.2002, c. 29, s. 41; 2005, c. 2, s. 21
Proposed recovery strategySubject to subsection (2), the competent minister must include a proposed recovery strategy in the public registry within one year after the wildlife species is listed, in the case of a wildlife species listed as an endangered species, and within two years after the species is listed, in the case of a wildlife species listed as a threatened species or an extirpated species.First listed wildlife speciesWith respect to wildlife species that are set out in Schedule 1 on the day section 27 comes into force, the competent minister must include a proposed recovery strategy in the public registry within three years after that day, in the case of a wildlife species listed as an endangered species, and within four years after that day, in the case of a wildlife species listed as a threatened species or an extirpated species.
CommentsWithin 60 days after the proposed recovery strategy is included in the public registry, any person may file written comments with the competent minister.Finalization of recovery strategyWithin 30 days after the expiry of the period referred to in subsection (1), the competent minister must consider any comments received, make any changes to the proposed recovery strategy that he or she considers appropriate and finalize the recovery strategy by including a copy of it in the public registry.
Existing plansIf the competent minister is of the opinion that an existing plan relating to a wildlife species meets the requirements of subsection 41(1) or (2), and the plan is adopted by the competent minister as the proposed recovery strategy, he or she must include it in the public registry as the proposed recovery strategy in relation to the species.Incorporation of existing plansThe competent minister may incorporate any part of an existing plan relating to a wildlife species into a proposed recovery strategy for the species.
AmendmentsThe competent minister may at any time amend the recovery strategy. A copy of the amendment must be included in the public registry.Amendments relating to time for completing action planIf the amendment relates to the time for completing an action plan, the competent minister must provide reasons for the amendment and include a copy of the reasons in the public registry.Amendment procedureSections 39 and 43 apply to amendments to a recovery strategy, with any modifications that the circumstances require.ExceptionSubsection (3) does not apply if the competent minister considers the amendment to be minor.
ReportingThe competent minister must report on the implementation of the recovery strategy, and the progress towards meeting its objectives, within five years after it is included in the public registry and in every subsequent five-year period, until its objectives have been achieved or the species’ recovery is no longer feasible. The report must be included in the public registry.
Action Plan
PreparationThe competent minister in respect of a recovery strategy must prepare one or more action plans based on the recovery strategy. If there is more than one competent minister with respect to the recovery strategy, they may prepare the action plan or plans together.
Cooperation with other ministers and governmentsTo the extent possible, an action plan must be prepared in cooperation withthe appropriate provincial and territorial minister of each province and territory in which the listed wildlife species is found;every minister of the Government of Canada who has authority over federal land or other areas on which the species is found;if the species is found in an area in respect of which a wildlife management board is authorized by a land claims agreement to perform functions in respect of wildlife species, the wildlife management board;every aboriginal organization that the competent minister considers will be directly affected by the action plan; andany other person or organization that the competent minister considers appropriate.Land claims agreementIf the listed wildlife species is found in an area in respect of which a wildlife management board is authorized by a land claims agreement to perform functions in respect of wildlife species, an action plan must be prepared, to the extent that it will apply to that area, in accordance with the provisions of the agreement.ConsultationTo the extent possible, an action plan must be prepared in consultation with any landowners, lessees and other persons whom the competent minister considers to be directly affected by, or interested in, the action plan, including the government of any other country in which the species is found.
ContentsAn action plan must include, with respect to the area to which the action plan relates,an identification of the species’ critical habitat, to the extent possible, based on the best available information and consistent with the recovery strategy, and examples of activities that are likely to result in its destruction;a statement of the measures that are proposed to be taken to protect the species’ critical habitat, including the entering into of agreements under section 11;an identification of any portions of the species’ critical habitat that have not been protected;a statement of the measures that are to be taken to implement the recovery strategy, including those that address the threats to the species and those that help to achieve the population and distribution objectives, as well as an indication as to when these measures are to take place;the methods to be used to monitor the recovery of the species and its long-term viability;an evaluation of the socio-economic costs of the action plan and the benefits to be derived from its implementation; andany other matters that are prescribed by the regulations.RegulationsThe Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister after consultation with the Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency and the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, make regulations for the purpose of paragraph (1)(f) prescribing matters to be included in an action plan.2002, c. 29, s. 49; 2005, c. 2, s. 22
Proposed action planThe competent minister must include a proposed action plan in the public registry.CommentsWithin 60 days after the proposed action plan is included in the public registry, any person may file written comments with the competent minister.Finalization of action planWithin 30 days after the expiry of the period referred to in subsection (2), the competent minister must consider any comments received, make any changes to the proposed action plan that he or she considers appropriate and finalize the action plan by including a copy of it in the public registry.Summary if action plan not completed in timeIf an action plan is not finalized in the time set out in the recovery strategy, the competent minister must include in the public registry a summary of what has been prepared with respect to the plan.
Existing plansIf the competent minister is of the opinion that an existing plan relating to a wildlife species meets the requirements of section 49, and the plan is adopted by the competent minister as a proposed action plan, he or she must include it in the public registry as a proposed action plan in relation to the species.Incorporation of existing plansThe competent minister may incorporate any part of an existing plan relating to a wildlife species into a proposed action plan for the species.
AmendmentsThe competent minister may at any time amend an action plan. A copy of the amendment must be included in the public registry.Amendment procedureSection 48 applies to amendments to an action plan, with any modifications that the circumstances require.ExceptionSubsection (2) does not apply if the competent minister considers the amendment to be minor.
RegulationsThe competent minister must, with respect to aquatic species, species of birds that are migratory birds protected by the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994, regardless of where they are located, or with respect to any other wildlife species on federal lands, make any regulations that are necessary in the opinion of the competent minister for the purpose of implementing the measures included in an action plan, but, if the measures relate to the protection of critical habitat on federal lands, the regulations must be made under section 59.ConsultationIf the competent minister is of the opinion that a regulation would affect a reserve or any other lands that are set apart for the use and benefit of a band under the Indian Act, he or she must consult the Minister of Indigenous Services and the band before making the regulation.ConsultationIf the competent minister is of the opinion that a regulation would affect an area in respect of which a wildlife management board is authorized by a land claims agreement to perform functions in respect of wildlife species, he or she must consult the wildlife management board before making the regulation.Incorporation by referenceThe regulations may incorporate by reference any legislation of a province or territory, as amended from time to time, insofar as the regulations apply in that province or territory.ConsultationIf the competent minister is of the opinion that a regulation would affect land in a territory, he or she must consult the territorial minister before making the regulation.ExceptionSubsection (5) does not applyin respect of individuals of aquatic species and their habitat or species of birds that are migratory birds protected by the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994 and their habitat; orin respect of land under the authority of the Minister or the Parks Canada Agency.2002, c. 29, s. 532019, c. 29, s. 375
Use of powers under other ActsFor the purpose of implementing the measures included in an action plan, the competent minister may use any powers that he or she has under any other Act of Parliament.
Monitoring and reportingThe competent minister must monitor the implementation of an action plan and the progress towards meeting its objectives and assess and report on its implementation and its ecological and socio-economic impacts five years after the plan comes into effect. A copy of the report must be included in the public registry.
Protection of Critical Habitat
Codes of practice, national standards or guidelinesThe competent minister may, after consultation with the Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council and any person whom he or she considers appropriate, establish codes of practice, national standards or guidelines with respect to the protection of critical habitat.
PurposeThe purpose of section 58 is to ensure that, within 180 days after the recovery strategy or action plan that identified the critical habitat referred to in subsection 58(1) is included in the public registry, all of the critical habitat is protected byprovisions in, or measures under, this or any other Act of Parliament, including agreements under section 11; orthe application of subsection 58(1).
Destruction of critical habitatSubject to this section, no person shall destroy any part of the critical habitat of any listed endangered species or of any listed threatened species — or of any listed extirpated species if a recovery strategy has recommended the reintroduction of the species into the wild in Canada — ifthe critical habitat is on federal land, in the exclusive economic zone of Canada or on the continental shelf of Canada;the listed species is an aquatic species; orthe listed species is a species of migratory birds protected by the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994.Protected areasIf the critical habitat or a portion of the critical habitat is in a national park of Canada named and described in Schedule 1 to the Canada National Parks Act, the Rouge National Urban Park established by the Rouge National Urban Park Act, a marine protected area under the Oceans Act, a migratory bird sanctuary under the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994 or a national wildlife area under the Canada Wildlife Act, the competent Minister must, within 90 days after the recovery strategy or action plan that identified the critical habitat is included in the public registry, publish in the Canada Gazette a description of the critical habitat or portion that is in that park, area or sanctuary.ApplicationIf subsection (2) applies, subsection (1) applies to the critical habitat or the portion of the critical habitat described in the Canada Gazette under subsection (2) 90 days after the description is published in the Canada Gazette.ApplicationIf all of the critical habitat or any portion of the critical habitat is not in a place referred to in subsection (2), subsection (1) applies in respect of the critical habitat or portion of the critical habitat, as the case may be, specified in an order made by the competent minister.Obligation to make order or statementWithin 180 days after the recovery strategy or action plan that identified the critical habitat is included in the public registry, the competent minister must, after consultation with every other competent minister, with respect to all of the critical habitat or any portion of the critical habitat that is not in a place referred to in subsection (2),make the order referred to in subsection (4) if the critical habitat or any portion of the critical habitat is not legally protected by provisions in, or measures under, this or any other Act of Parliament, including agreements under section 11; orif the competent minister does not make the order, he or she must include in the public registry a statement setting out how the critical habitat or portions of it, as the case may be, are legally protected.Habitat of migratory birdsDespite subsection (4), with respect to the critical habitat of a species of bird that is a migratory bird protected by the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994 that is not on federal land, in the exclusive economic zone of Canada, on the continental shelf of Canada or in a migratory bird sanctuary referred to in subsection (2), subsection (1) applies only to those portions of the critical habitat that are habitat to which that Act applies and that the Governor in Council may, by order, specify on the recommendation of the competent minister.Obligation to make recommendationThe competent minister must, within 180 days after the recovery strategy or action plan that identified the critical habitat that includes habitat to which the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994 applies is included in the public registry, and after consultation with every other competent minister,make the recommendation if he or she is of the opinion there are no provisions in, or other measures under, this or any other Act of Parliament, including agreements under section 11, that legally protect any portion or portions of the habitat to which that Act applies; orif the competent minister does not make the recommendation, he or she must include in the public registry a statement setting out how the critical habitat that is habitat to which that Act applies, or portions of it, as the case may be, are legally protected.ConsultationIf the competent minister is of the opinion that an order under subsection (4) or (5.1) would affect land in a territory that is not under the authority of the Minister or the Parks Canada Agency, he or she must consult the territorial minister before making the order under subsection (4) or the recommendation under subsection (5.2).ConsultationIf the competent minister is of the opinion that an order under subsection (4) or (5.1) would affect a reserve or any other lands that are set apart for the use and benefit of a band under the Indian Act, he or she must consult the Minister of Indigenous Services and the band before making the order under subsection (4) or the recommendation under subsection (5.2).ConsultationIf the competent minister is of the opinion that an order under subsection (4) or (5.1) would affect an area in respect of which a wildlife management board is authorized by a land claims agreement to perform functions in respect of wildlife species, he or she must consult the wildlife management board before making the order under subsection (4) or the recommendation under subsection (5.2).ConsultationIf the competent minister is of the opinion that an order under subsection (4) or (5.1) would affect land that is under the authority of another federal minister, other than a competent minister, he or she must consult the other federal minister before making the order under subsection (4) or the recommendation under subsection (5.2).2002, c. 29, s. 58; 2015, c. 10, s. 602019, c. 29, s. 375
Regulations re federal landsThe Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the competent minister after consultation with every other competent minister, make regulations to protect critical habitat on federal lands.Obligation to make recommendationThe competent minister must make the recommendation if the recovery strategy or an action plan identifies a portion of the critical habitat as being unprotected and the competent minister is of the opinion that the portion requires protection.ContentsThe regulations may include provisions requiring the doing of things that protect the critical habitat and provisions prohibiting activities that may adversely affect the critical habitat.ConsultationIf the competent minister is of the opinion that a regulation would affect land in a territory that is not under the authority of the Minister or the Parks Canada Agency, he or she must consult the territorial minister before recommending the making of the regulation.ConsultationIf the competent minister is of the opinion that a regulation would affect a reserve or any other lands that are set apart for the use and benefit of a band under the Indian Act, he or she must consult the Minister of Indigenous Services and the band before recommending the making of the regulation.ConsultationIf the competent minister is of the opinion that a regulation would affect an area in respect of which a wildlife management board is authorized by a land claims agreement to perform functions in respect of wildlife species, he or she must consult the wildlife management board before recommending the making of the regulation.2002, c. 29, s. 592019, c. 29, s. 375
Provincial and territorial classificationsIf a wildlife species has been classified as an endangered species or a threatened species by a provincial or territorial minister, no person shall destroy any part of the habitat of that species that the provincial or territorial minister has identified as essential to the survival or recovery of the species and that is on federal lands in the province or territory.ApplicationSubsection (1) applies only to the portions of the habitat that the Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the competent minister, by order, specify.
Destruction of critical habitatNo person shall destroy any part of the critical habitat of a listed endangered species or a listed threatened species that is in a province or territory and that is not part of federal lands.ExceptionSubsection (1) does not apply in respect ofan aquatic species; orthe critical habitat of a species of bird that is a migratory bird protected by the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994 that is habitat referred to in subsection 58(5.1).ApplicationSubsection (1) applies only to the portions of the critical habitat that the Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister, by order, specify.Power to make recommendationThe Minister may make a recommendation ifa provincial minister or territorial minister has requested that the recommendation be made; orthe Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council has recommended that the recommendation be made.Obligation to make recommendationThe Minister must make a recommendation if he or she is of the opinion, after consultation with the appropriate provincial or territorial minister, thatthere are no provisions in, or other measures under, this or any other Act of Parliament that protect the particular portion of the critical habitat, including agreements under section 11; andthe laws of the province or territory do not effectively protect the critical habitat.Expiry and renewal of orderAn order made under subsection (2) expires five years after the day on which it is made or renewed, unless the Governor in Council, by order, renews it.Recommendation to repeal orderIf the Minister is of the opinion that an order made under subsection (2) is no longer necessary to protect the portion of the critical habitat to which the order relates or that the province or territory has brought into force laws that protect the portion, the Minister must recommend that the order be repealed.
Acquisition of landsA competent minister may enter into an agreement with any government in Canada, organization or person to acquire any lands or interests in land for the purpose of protecting the critical habitat of any species at risk.
Progress reports on unprotected portions of critical habitatIf in the opinion of the Minister any portion of the critical habitat of a listed wildlife species remains unprotected 180 days after the recovery strategy or action plan that identified the critical habitat was included in the public registry, the Minister must include in that registry a report on the steps taken to protect the critical habitat. The Minister must continue to report with respect to every subsequent period of 180 days until the portion is protected or is no longer identified as critical habitat.
CompensationThe Minister may, in accordance with the regulations, provide fair and reasonable compensation to any person for losses suffered as a result of any extraordinary impact of the application ofsection 58, 60 or 61; oran emergency order in respect of habitat identified in the emergency order that is necessary for the survival or recovery of a wildlife species.RegulationsThe Governor in Council shall make regulations that the Governor in Council considers necessary for carrying out the purposes and provisions of subsection (1), including regulations prescribingthe procedures to be followed in claiming compensation;the methods to be used in determining the eligibility of a person for compensation, the amount of loss suffered by a person and the amount of compensation in respect of any loss; andthe terms and conditions for the provision of compensation.
Management of Species of Special Concern
Preparation of management planIf a wildlife species is listed as a species of special concern, the competent minister must prepare a management plan for the species and its habitat. The plan must include measures for the conservation of the species that the competent minister considers appropriate and it may apply with respect to more than one wildlife species.
Cooperation with other ministers and governmentsTo the extent possible, the management plan must be prepared in cooperation withthe appropriate provincial and territorial minister of each province and territory in which the listed wildlife species is found;every minister of the Government of Canada who has authority over federal land or other areas on which the species is found;if the species is found in an area in respect of which a wildlife management board is authorized by a land claims agreement to perform functions in respect of wildlife species, the wildlife management board;every aboriginal organization that the competent minister considers will be directly affected by the management plan; andany other person or organization that the competent minister considers appropriate.Land claims agreementIf the listed wildlife species is found in an area in respect of which a wildlife management board is authorized by a land claims agreement to perform functions in respect of wildlife species, the management plan must be prepared, to the extent that it will apply to that area, in accordance with the provisions of the agreement.ConsultationTo the extent possible, the management plan must be prepared in consultation with any landowners, lessees and other persons whom the competent minister considers to be directly affected by, or interested in, the management plan, including the government of any other country in which the species is found.
Multi-species or ecosystem approach permissibleThe competent minister may adopt a multi-species or an ecosystem approach when preparing the management plan if he or she considers it appropriate to do so.
Proposed management planSubject to subsection (2), the competent minister must include a proposed management plan in the public registry within three years after the wildlife species is listed as a species of special concern.First listed speciesWith respect to a wildlife species that is set out in Schedule 1 as a species of special concern on the day section 27 comes into force, the competent minister must include a proposed management plan in the public registry within five years after that day.CommentsWithin 60 days after the proposed management plan is included in the public registry, any person may file written comments with the competent minister.Finalization of management planWithin 30 days after the expiry of the period referred to in subsection (3), the competent minister must consider any comments received, make any changes to the proposed management plan that he or she considers appropriate and finalize the management plan by including a copy of it in the public registry.
Existing plansIf the competent minister is of the opinion that an existing plan relating to a wildlife species includes adequate measures for the conservation of the species and the competent minister adopts the existing plan as the proposed management plan, he or she must include a copy of it in the public registry as the proposed management plan in relation to the species.Incorporation of existing plansThe competent minister may incorporate any part of an existing plan relating to a wildlife species into a proposed management plan for the species.
AmendmentsThe competent minister may at any time amend a management plan. A copy of the amendment must be included in the public registry.Amendment procedureSection 66 applies to amendments to the management plan, with any modifications that the circumstances require.ExceptionSubsection (2) does not apply if the competent minister considers the amendment to be minor.
RegulationsThe Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the competent minister, make any regulations with respect to aquatic species or species of birds that are migratory birds protected by the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994, regardless of where they are located, or with respect to any other wildlife species on federal lands, that the Governor in Council considers appropriate for the purpose of implementing the measures included in the management plan.ConsultationIf the competent minister is of the opinion that a regulation would affect a reserve or any other lands that are set apart for the use and benefit of a band under the Indian Act, he or she must consult the Minister of Indigenous Services and the band before recommending the making of the regulation.ConsultationIf the competent minister is of the opinion that a regulation would affect an area in respect of which a wildlife management board is authorized by a land claims agreement to perform functions in respect of wildlife species, he or she must consult the wildlife management board before recommending the making of the regulation.Incorporation by referenceThe regulations may incorporate by reference any legislation of a province or territory, as amended from time to time, insofar as the regulations apply in that province or territory.ConsultationIf the competent minister is of the opinion that a regulation would affect land in a territory, he or she must consult the territorial minister before recommending the making of the regulation.ExceptionSubsection (5) does not applyin respect of individuals of aquatic species and their habitat or species of birds that are migratory birds protected by the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994 and their habitat; orin respect of land under the authority of the Minister or the Parks Canada Agency.2002, c. 29, s. 712019, c. 29, s. 375
MonitoringThe competent minister must monitor the implementation of the management plan and must assess its implementation five years after the plan is included in the public registry, and in every subsequent five-year period, until its objectives have been achieved. The report must be included in the public registry.
Agreements and Permits
Powers of competent ministerThe competent minister may enter into an agreement with a person, or issue a permit to a person, authorizing the person to engage in an activity affecting a listed wildlife species, any part of its critical habitat or the residences of its individuals.PurposeThe agreement may be entered into, or the permit issued, only if the competent minister is of the opinion thatthe activity is scientific research relating to the conservation of the species and conducted by qualified persons;the activity benefits the species or is required to enhance its chance of survival in the wild; oraffecting the species is incidental to the carrying out of the activity.Pre-conditionsThe agreement may be entered into, or the permit issued, only if the competent minister is of the opinion thatall reasonable alternatives to the activity that would reduce the impact on the species have been considered and the best solution has been adopted;all feasible measures will be taken to minimize the impact of the activity on the species or its critical habitat or the residences of its individuals; andthe activity will not jeopardize the survival or recovery of the species.Explanation in public registryIf an agreement is entered into or a permit is issued, the competent minister must include in the public registry an explanation of why it was entered into or issued, taking into account the matters referred to in paragraphs (3)(a), (b) and (c).ConsultationIf the species is found in an area in respect of which a wildlife management board is authorized by a land claims agreement to perform functions in respect of wildlife species, the competent minister must consult the wildlife management board before entering into an agreement or issuing a permit concerning that species in that area.ConsultationIf the species is found in a reserve or any other lands that are set apart for the use and benefit of a band under the Indian Act, the competent minister must consult the band before entering into an agreement or issuing a permit concerning that species in that reserve or those other lands.Terms and conditionsThe agreement or permit must contain any terms and conditions governing the activity that the competent minister considers necessary for protecting the species, minimizing the impact of the authorized activity on the species or providing for its recovery.Date of expiryThe agreement or permit must set out the date of its expiry.Review of agreements and permitsThe competent minister must review the agreement or permit if an emergency order is made with respect to the species.Amendment of agreements and permitsThe competent minister may revoke or amend an agreement or a permit to ensure the survival or recovery of a species.[Repealed, 2012, c. 19, s. 163]RegulationsThe Minister may, after consultation with the Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency and the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, make regulations respecting the entering into of agreements, the issuance of permits and the renewal, revocation, amendment and suspension of agreements and permits.Time limitsThe regulations may include provisionsrespecting time limits for issuing or renewing permits, or for refusing to do so;specifying the circumstances under which any of those time limits does not apply; andauthorizing the competent minister to extend any of those time limits or to decide that a time limit does not apply, when the competent minister considers that it is appropriate to do so.2002, c. 29, s. 73; 2005, c. 2, s. 23; 2012, c. 19, s. 163
Competent minister acting under other ActsAn agreement, permit, licence, order or other similar document authorizing a person or organization to engage in an activity affecting a listed wildlife species, any part of its critical habitat or the residences of its individuals that is entered into, issued or made by the competent minister under another Act of Parliament has the same effect as an agreement or permit under subsection 73(1) ifbefore it is entered into, issued or made, the competent minister is of the opinion that the requirements of subsections 73(2) to (6.1) are met; andafter it is entered into, issued or made, the competent minister complies with the requirements of subsection 73(7).2002, c. 29, s. 74; 2012, c. 19, s. 164
Adding terms and conditionsA competent minister may add terms and conditions to protect a listed wildlife species, any part of its critical habitat or the residences of its individuals to any agreement, permit, licence, order or other similar document authorizing a person to engage in an activity affecting the species, any part of its critical habitat or the residences of its individuals that is entered into, issued or made by the competent minister under another Act of Parliament.Amending terms and conditionsA competent minister may also revoke or amend any term or condition in any of those documents to protect a listed wildlife species, any part of its critical habitat or the residences of its individuals.Treaties and land claims agreementsThe competent minister must take into account any applicable provisions of treaty and land claims agreements when carrying out his or her powers under this section.
Exemption for existing agreements, permits, etc.The Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of a competent minister, by order, provide that section 32, 33, 36, 58, 60 or 61, or any regulation made under section 53, 59 or 71, does not apply, for a period of up to one year from the date of listing of a wildlife species, to agreements, permits, licences, orders or other similar documents authorizing persons to engage in an activity affecting the listed wildlife species, any part of its critical habitat or the residences of its individuals that were entered into, issued or made under another Act of Parliament before the species was listed.
Licences, permits, etc., under other Acts of ParliamentDespite any other Act of Parliament, any person or body, other than a competent minister, authorized under any Act of Parliament, other than this Act, to issue or approve a licence, a permit or any other authorization that authorizes an activity that may result in the destruction of any part of the critical habitat of a listed wildlife species may enter into, issue, approve or make the authorization only if the person or body has consulted with the competent minister, has considered the impact on the species’ critical habitat and is of the opinion thatall reasonable alternatives to the activity that would reduce the impact on the species’ critical habitat have been considered and the best solution has been adopted; andall feasible measures will be taken to minimize the impact of the activity on the species’ critical habitat.[Repealed, 2019, c. 28, s. 174]Application of section 58For greater certainty, section 58 applies even though a licence, a permit or any other authorization has been issued in accordance with subsection (1).2002, c. 29, s. 77; 2012, c. 19, s. 1652019, c. 28, s. 174
Agreements and permits under other provincial and territorial ActsAn agreement, permit, licence, order or other similar document authorizing a person to engage in an activity affecting a listed wildlife species, any part of its critical habitat or the residences of its individuals that is entered into, issued or made under an Act of the legislature of a province or a territory by a provincial or territorial minister with whom a competent minister has entered into an agreement under section 10 has the same effect as an agreement or permit under subsection 73(1) ifbefore it is entered into, issued or made, the provincial or territorial minister determines that the requirements of subsections 73(2), (3), (6) and (6.1) are met;after it is entered into, issued or made, the provincial or territorial minister complies with the requirements of subsection 73(7).InterpretationFor the purpose of subsection (1), the references to “competent minister” in subsections 73(2), (3), (6) and (7) are to be read as references to “provincial minister” or “territorial minister”, as the case may be.2002, c. 29, s. 78; 2012, c. 19, s. 166
Clarification — renewalsFor greater certainty, a reference in any of sections 73 to 78 to the entering into, issuing, making or approving of any agreement, permit, licence, order or other similar document or authorization, includes renewing it, and a reference in any of those sections or in paragraph 97(1)(c) to any such document or authorization includes one that has been renewed.2012, c. 19, s. 167
Project Review
Notification of MinisterEvery person who is required by or under an Act of Parliament to ensure that an assessment of the environmental effects of a project is conducted, and every authority who makes a determination under paragraph 82(a) or (b) of the Impact Assessment Act in relation to a project, must, without delay, notify the competent minister or ministers in writing of the project if it is likely to affect a listed wildlife species or its critical habitat.Required actionThe person must identify the adverse effects of the project on the listed wildlife species and its critical habitat and, if the project is carried out, must ensure that measures are taken to avoid or lessen those effects and to monitor them. The measures must be taken in a way that is consistent with any applicable recovery strategy and action plans.DefinitionsThe following definitions apply in this section.person includes an association, an organization, a federal authority as defined in section 2 of the Impact Assessment Act, and any body that is set out in Schedule 4 to that Act. (personne)project meansa designated project as defined in section 2 of the Impact Assessment Act or a project as defined in section 81 of that Act;a project as defined in subsection 2(1) of the Yukon Environmental and Socio-economic Assessment Act; ora development as defined in subsection 111(1) of the Mackenzie Valley Resource Management Act. (projet)2002, c. 29, s. 79; 2012, c. 19, s. 59; 2017, c. 26, s. 49(F)2019, c. 28, s. 175
Emergency Orders
Emergency orderThe Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the competent minister, make an emergency order to provide for the protection of a listed wildlife species.Obligation to make recommendationThe competent minister must make the recommendation if he or she is of the opinion that the species faces imminent threats to its survival or recovery.ConsultationBefore making a recommendation, the competent minister must consult every other competent minister.ContentsThe emergency order mayin the case of an aquatic species,identify habitat that is necessary for the survival or recovery of the species in the area to which the emergency order relates, andinclude provisions requiring the doing of things that protect the species and that habitat and provisions prohibiting activities that may adversely affect the species and that habitat;in the case of a species that is a species of migratory birds protected by the Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994,on federal land or in the exclusive economic zone of Canada,identify habitat that is necessary for the survival or recovery of the species in the area to which the emergency order relates, andinclude provisions requiring the doing of things that protect the species and that habitat and provisions prohibiting activities that may adversely affect the species and that habitat, andon land other than land referred to in subparagraph (i),identify habitat that is necessary for the survival or recovery of the species in the area to which the emergency order relates, andinclude provisions requiring the doing of things that protect the species and provisions prohibiting activities that may adversely affect the species and that habitat; andwith respect to any other species,on federal land, in the exclusive economic zone of Canada or on the continental shelf of Canada,identify habitat that is necessary for the survival or recovery of the species in the area to which the emergency order relates, andinclude provisions requiring the doing of things that protect the species and that habitat and provisions prohibiting activities that may adversely affect the species and that habitat, andon land other than land referred to in subparagraph (i),identify habitat that is necessary for the survival or recovery of the species in the area to which the emergency order relates, andinclude provisions prohibiting activities that may adversely affect the species and that habitat.ExemptionAn emergency order is exempt from the application of section 3 of the Statutory Instruments Act.
Equivalent measuresDespite subsection 80(2), the competent minister is not required to make a recommendation for an emergency order if he or she is of the opinion that equivalent measures have been taken under another Act of Parliament to protect the wildlife species.
Recommendation to repealIf the competent minister is of the opinion that the species to which the emergency order relates would no longer face imminent threats to its survival or recovery even if the order were repealed, he or she must make a recommendation to the Governor in Council that the emergency order be repealed.
Exceptions
General exceptionsSubsections 32(1) and (2), section 33, subsections 36(1), 58(1), 60(1) and 61(1), regulations made under section 53, 59 or 71 and emergency orders do not apply to a person who is engaging inactivities related to public safety, health or national security, that are authorized by or under any other Act of Parliament or activities under the Health of Animals Act and the Plant Protection Act for the health of animals and plants; oractivities authorized under section 73, 74 or 78 by an agreement, permit, licence, order or similar document.Authorization of activities under other ActsA power under an Act described in paragraph (1)(a) may be used to authorize an activity prohibited by subsection 32(1) or (2), section 33, subsection 36(1), 58(1), 60(1) or 61(1), a regulation made under section 53, 59 or 71 or an emergency order only if the person exercising the powerdetermines that the activity is necessary for the protection of public safety, health, including animal and plant health, or national security; andrespects the purposes of this Act to the greatest extent possible.Exceptions — land claims agreementsSubsections 32(1) and (2), section 33, subsections 36(1), 58(1), 60(1) and 61(1) and regulations made under section 53, 59 or 71 do not apply to a person who is engaging in activities in accordance with conservation measures for wildlife species under a land claims agreement.Exemptions for permitted activitiesSubsections 32(1) and (2), section 33 and subsections 36(1), 58(1), 60(1) and 61(1) do not apply to a person who is engaging in activities that are permitted by a recovery strategy, an action plan or a management plan and who is also authorized under an Act of Parliament to engage in that activity, including a regulation made under section 53, 59 or 71.Additional possession exceptionsSubsection 32(2) and paragraph 36(1)(b) do not apply to a person who possesses an individual of a listed extirpated, endangered or threatened species, or any part or derivative of such an individual, ifit was in the person’s possession when the species was listed;it is used by an aboriginal person for ceremonial or medicinal purposes, or it is part of ceremonial dress used for ceremonial or cultural purposes by an aboriginal person;the person acquired it legally in another country and imported it legally into Canada;the person acquired it by succession from someone who was entitled to possess it under this Act;the person acquired it under circumstances that would afford them a defence under section 100 and the person possesses it only for as long as is necessary to donate it to a museum, a zoo, an educational institution, a scientific society or a government;the person is, or is acting on behalf of, a museum, zoo, educational institution, scientific society or government and the person acquired it from someone who was entitled to possess it under this Act; orit or the person is otherwise exempt by the regulations.
RegulationsThe Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister after consultation with the Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency and the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, make regulations for the purpose of paragraph 83(5)(g).2002, c. 29, s. 84; 2005, c. 2, s. 24
Enforcement MeasuresEnforcement Officers
Enforcement officersA competent minister may designate any person or person of a class of persons to act as enforcement officers for the purposes of this Act.Designation of provincial or territorial government employeesThe competent minister may not designate any person or person of a class of persons employed by the government of a province or a territory unless that government agrees.Certificate of designationAn enforcement officer must be provided with a certificate of designation as an enforcement officer in a form approved by the competent minister and, on entering any place under this Act, the officer must, if so requested, show the certificate to the occupant or person in charge of the place.PowersFor the purposes of this Act, enforcement officers have all the powers of a peace officer, but the competent minister may specify limits on those powers when designating any person or person of a class of persons to act as enforcement officers.Exemptions for law enforcement activitiesFor the purpose of investigations and other law enforcement activities under this Act, a competent minister may, on any terms and conditions that he or she considers necessary, exempt from the application of any provision of this Act, the regulations or an emergency order enforcement officers whom the competent minister has designated and who are carrying out duties or functions under this Act and persons acting under the direction and control of such enforcement officers.
Inspections
InspectionsFor the purpose of ensuring compliance with any provision of this Act, the regulations or an emergency order, an enforcement officer may, subject to subsection (3), at any reasonable time enter and inspect any place in which the enforcement officer believes, on reasonable grounds, there is any thing to which the provision applies or any document relating to its administration, and the enforcement officer mayopen or cause to be opened any container that the enforcement officer believes, on reasonable grounds, contains that thing or document;inspect the thing and take samples free of charge;require any person to produce the document for inspection or copying, in whole or in part; andseize any thing by means of or in relation to which the enforcement officer believes, on reasonable grounds, the provision has been contravened or that the enforcement officer believes, on reasonable grounds, will provide evidence of a contravention.ConveyanceFor the purposes of carrying out the inspection, the enforcement officer may stop a conveyance or direct that it be moved to a place where the inspection can be carried out.Dwelling-placeThe enforcement officer may not enter a dwelling-place except with the consent of the occupant or person in charge of the dwelling-place or under the authority of a warrant.Authority to issue warrant for inspection of dwelling-placeOn an ex parte application, a justice, as defined in section 2 of the Criminal Code, may issue a warrant, subject to any conditions specified in it, authorizing an enforcement officer to enter a dwelling-place, if the justice is satisfied by information on oath thatthe conditions for entry described in subsection (1) exist in relation to the dwelling-place;entry to the dwelling-place is necessary for the purposes of the administration of this Act, the regulations or an emergency order; andentry to the dwelling-place has been refused or there are reasonable grounds for believing that entry will be refused.Authority to issue warrant for inspection of non-dwellingsOn an ex parte application, a justice, as defined in section 2 of the Criminal Code, may issue a warrant, subject to any conditions specified in it, authorizing an enforcement officer to enter a place other than a dwelling-place, if the justice is satisfied by information on oath thatthe conditions for entry described in subsection (1) exist in relation to that place;entry to that place is necessary for the purposes of the administration of this Act, the regulations or an emergency order;entry to that place has been refused, the enforcement officer is not able to enter without the use of force or the place was abandoned; andsubject to subsection (6), all reasonable attempts were made to notify the owner, operator or person in charge of the place.Waiving noticeThe justice may waive the requirement to give notice referred to in subsection (5) if the justice is satisfied that attempts to give the notice would be unsuccessful because the owner, operator or person in charge is absent from the jurisdiction of the justice or that it is not in the public interest to give the notice.Use of forceIn executing a warrant issued under subsection (4) or (5), an enforcement officer may not use force unless the use of force has been specifically authorized in the warrant.Operation of computer system and copying equipmentIn carrying out an inspection of a place under this section, an enforcement officer mayuse or cause to be used any computer system at the place to examine any data contained in or available to the computer system;reproduce any record or cause it to be reproduced from the data in the form of a printout or other intelligible output;take a printout or other output for examination or copying; anduse or cause to be used any copying equipment at the place to make copies of the record.Duty of person in possession or controlEvery person who is in possession or control of a place being inspected under this section must permit the enforcement officer to do anything referred to in subsection (8).
Disposition of Things Seized
Custody of things seizedSubject to subsections (2) to (4), if an enforcement officer seizes a thing under this Act or under a warrant issued under the Criminal Code,sections 489.1 and 490 of the Criminal Code apply; andthe enforcement officer, or any person that the officer may designate, must retain custody of the thing subject to any order made under section 490 of the Criminal Code.Forfeiture if ownership not ascertainableIf the lawful ownership of or entitlement to the seized thing cannot be ascertained within 30 days after its seizure, the thing or any proceeds of its disposition are forfeited to Her Majesty in right of Canada, if the thing was seized by an enforcement officer employed in the public service of Canada or by the government of a territory, or to Her Majesty in right of a province, if the thing was seized by an enforcement officer employed by the government of that province.Perishable thingsIf the seized thing is perishable, the enforcement officer may dispose of it or destroy it, and any proceeds of its disposition must be paid to the lawful owner or person lawfully entitled to possession of the thing, unless proceedings under this Act are commenced within 90 days after its seizure, in which case the proceeds must be retained by the enforcement officer pending the outcome of the proceedings.Release of individualAn enforcement officer who seizes an individual of a species at risk may, at the time of the seizure, return the individual to the wild if the enforcement officer believes the individual to be alive.AbandonmentThe owner of the seized thing may abandon it to Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province.
Disposition by competent ministerAny thing that has been forfeited or abandoned under this Act is to be dealt with and disposed of as the competent minister may direct.
Liability for costsThe lawful owner and any person lawfully entitled to possession of any thing seized, forfeited or abandoned under this Act and who has been convicted of an offence under this Act in relation to that thing, are jointly and severally, or solidarily, liable for all the costs of inspection, seizure, abandonment, forfeiture or disposition incurred by Her Majesty in excess of any proceeds of disposition of the thing that have been forfeited to Her Majesty under this Act.
Assistance to Enforcement Officers
Right of passageAn enforcement officer may, while carrying out powers, duties or functions under this Act, enter on and pass through or over private property without being liable for trespass or without the owner of the property having the right to object to that use of the property.
AssistanceThe owner or the person in charge of a place entered by an enforcement officer under section 86, and every person found in the place, mustgive the enforcement officer all reasonable assistance to enable the enforcement officer to carry out duties and functions under this Act; andprovide the enforcement officer with any information in relation to the administration of this Act, the regulations or an emergency order that the enforcement officer may reasonably require.
ObstructionWhile an enforcement officer is exercising powers or carrying out duties or functions under this Act, no person shallknowingly make any false or misleading statement, either orally or in writing, to the enforcement officer; orotherwise obstruct or hinder the enforcement officer.
Investigations
Application for investigationA person who is a resident of Canada and at least 18 years of age may apply to the competent minister for an investigation of whether an alleged offence has been committed or whether anything directed towards its commission has been done.Statement to accompany applicationThe application must be in a form approved by the competent minister and must include a solemn affirmation or declaration containingthe name and address of the applicant;a statement that the applicant is at least 18 years old and a resident of Canada;a statement of the nature of the alleged offence and the name of each person alleged to be involved;a summary of the evidence supporting the allegations;the name and address of each person who might be able to give evidence about the alleged offence, together with a summary of the evidence that the person might give, to the extent that information is available to the applicant;a description of any document or other material that the applicant believes should be considered in the investigation and, if possible, a copy of the document; anddetails of any previous contact between the applicant and the competent minister about the alleged offence.
InvestigationThe competent minister must acknowledge receipt of the application within 20 days after receiving it and, subject to subsections (2) and (3), investigate all matters that he or she considers necessary to determine the facts relating to the alleged offence.Frivolous or vexatious applicationsNo investigation is required if the competent minister decides that the application is frivolous or vexatious.Notice of decisionIf the competent minister decides not to conduct an investigation, he or she must, within 60 days after the application for investigation is received, give notice of the decision, with reasons, to the applicant.When notice need not be givenThe competent minister need not give the notice if an investigation in relation to the alleged offence is ongoing apart from the application.
Competent minister may send evidence to Attorney GeneralAt any stage of the investigation, the competent minister may send any documents or other evidence to the Attorney General for a consideration of whether an offence has been or is about to be committed, and for any action that the Attorney General may wish to take.
Suspension or conclusion of investigationThe competent minister may suspend or conclude the investigation if he or she is of the opinion that the alleged offence does not require further investigation or the investigation does not substantiate the alleged offence or any other offence.Report if investigation suspendedIf the investigation is suspended, the competent minister must prepare a written report describing the information obtained during the investigation and stating the reasons for its suspension and the action, if any, that the competent minister has taken or proposes to take and send a copy of the report to the applicant. The competent minister must notify the applicant if the investigation is subsequently resumed.Report when investigation concludedWhen the investigation is concluded, the competent minister must prepare a written report describing the information obtained during the investigation and stating the reasons for its conclusion and the action, if any, that the competent minister has taken or proposes to take and send a copy of the report to the applicant and to each person whose conduct was investigated.Personal information not to be disclosedA copy of the report sent to a person whose conduct was investigated must not disclose the name or address of the applicant or any other personal information about him or her.When report need not be sentIf another investigation in relation to the alleged offence is ongoing apart from the application, the competent minister need not send copies of a report described in subsection (2) or (3) until the other investigation is suspended or concluded.
Offences and Punishment
OffencesEvery person commits an offence whocontravenes subsection 32(1) or (2), section 33, subsection 36(1), 58(1), 60(1) or 61(1) or section 91 or 92;contravenes a prescribed provision of a regulation or an emergency order;fails to comply with a term or condition of a permit issued under subsection 73(1); orfails to comply with an alternative measures agreement that the person has entered into under this Act.PenaltyEvery person who commits an offence under subsection (1) is liableon conviction on indictment,in the case of a corporation, other than a non-profit corporation, to a fine of not more than $1,000,000,in the case of a non-profit corporation, to a fine of not more than $250,000, andin the case of any other person, to a fine of not more than $250,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than five years, or to both; oron summary conviction,in the case of a corporation, other than a non-profit corporation, to a fine of not more than $300,000,in the case of a non-profit corporation, to a fine of not more than $50,000, andin the case of any other person, to a fine of not more than $50,000 or to imprisonment for a term of not more than one year, or to both.ExceptionParagraph (1)(c) does not apply in respect of the failure to comply with any term or condition of any agreement, permit, licence, order or other similar document referred to in section 74 or subsection 78(1).Prescription of provisionsA regulation or emergency order may prescribe which of its provisions may give rise to an offence.Subsequent offenceFor a second or subsequent conviction, the amount of the fine may, despite subsection (1.1), be double the amount set out in that subsection.Continuing offenceA person who commits or continues an offence on more than one day is liable to be convicted for a separate offence for each day on which the offence is committed or continued.Fines cumulativeA fine imposed for an offence involving more than one animal, plant or other organism may be calculated in respect of each one as though it had been the subject of a separate information and the fine then imposed is the total of that calculation.Additional fineIf a person is convicted of an offence and the court is satisfied that monetary benefits accrued to the person as a result of the commission of the offence, the court may order the person to pay an additional fine in an amount equal to the court’s estimation of the amount of the monetary benefits, which additional fine may exceed the maximum amount of any fine that may otherwise be imposed under this Act.Definition of non-profit corporationFor the purposes of subsection (1.1), non-profit corporation means a corporation, no part of the income of which is payable to, or is otherwise available for, the personal benefit of any proprietor, member or shareholder of the corporation.2002, c. 29, s. 97; 2012, c. 19, s. 168
Officers, etc., of corporationsIf a corporation commits an offence, any officer, director or agent or mandatary of the corporation who directed, authorized, assented to, or acquiesced or participated in, the commission of the offence is a party to and guilty of the offence and is liable on conviction to the punishment provided for the offence, whether or not the corporation has been prosecuted or convicted.2002, c. 29, s. 98; 2015, c. 3, s. 153(E)
Offences by employees or agents or mandatariesIn any prosecution for an offence, the accused may be convicted of the offence if it is established that it was committed by an employee or an agent or mandatary of the accused, whether or not the employee, agent or mandatary has been prosecuted for the offence.2002, c. 29, s. 99; 2015, c. 3, s. 153(E)
Due diligenceDue diligence is a defence in a prosecution for an offence.
VenueA prosecution for an offence may be instituted, heard and determined in the place where the offence was committed, the subject-matter of the prosecution arose, the accused was apprehended or the accused happens to be or is carrying on business.
Sentencing considerationsA court that imposes a sentence shall take into account, in addition to any other principles that it is required to consider, the following factors:the harm or risk of harm caused by the commission of the offence;whether the offender was found to have committed the offence intentionally, recklessly or inadvertently;whether the offender was found by the court to have been negligent or incompetent or to have shown a lack of concern with respect to the commission of the offence;any property, benefit or advantage received or receivable by the offender to which, but for the commission of the offence, the offender would not have been entitled;any evidence from which the court may reasonably conclude that the offender has a history of non-compliance with legislation designed to protect wildlife species; andall available sanctions that are reasonable in the circumstances, with particular attention to the circumstances of aboriginal offenders.
ForfeitureIf a person is convicted of an offence, the convicting court may, in addition to any punishment imposed, order that any seized thing by means of or in relation to which the offence was committed, or any proceeds of its disposition, be forfeited to Her Majesty.Return if no forfeiture orderedIf the convicting court does not order the forfeiture, the seized thing, or the proceeds of its disposition, must be returned to its lawful owner or the person lawfully entitled to it.
Retention or saleIf a fine is imposed on a person convicted of an offence, any seized thing, or any proceeds of its disposition, may be retained until the fine is paid or the thing may be sold in satisfaction of the fine and the proceeds applied, in whole or in part, in payment of the fine.
Orders of courtIf a person is convicted of an offence, the court may, in addition to any punishment imposed and having regard to the nature of the offence and the circumstances surrounding its commission, make an order having any or all of the following effects:prohibiting the person from doing any act or engaging in any activity that could, in the opinion of the court, result in the continuation or repetition of the offence;directing the person to take any action that the court considers appropriate to remedy or avoid any harm to any wildlife species that resulted or may result from the commission of the offence;directing the person to have an environmental audit conducted by a person of a class and at the times specified by the court and directing the person to remedy any deficiencies revealed during the audit;directing the person to publish, in any manner that the court considers appropriate, the facts relating to the commission of the offence;directing the person to perform community service in accordance with any conditions that the court considers reasonable;directing the person to submit to the competent minister, on application to the court by the competent minister within three years after the conviction, any information about the activities of the person that the court considers appropriate;directing the person to pay a competent minister or the government of a province or a territory an amount for all or any of the cost of remedial or preventive action taken, or to be taken, by or on behalf of the competent minister or that government as a result of the commission of the offence;directing the person to pay, in the manner prescribed by the court, an amount for the purpose of conducting research into the protection of the wildlife species in respect of which the offence was committed;directing the person to pay, in the manner prescribed by the court, an amount to an educational institution for scholarships for students enrolled in environmental studies;directing the person to post a bond or pay to the court an amount that the court considers appropriate for the purpose of ensuring compliance with any prohibition, direction or requirement under this section; andrequiring the person to comply with any other conditions that the court considers appropriate for securing the person’s good conduct and for preventing the person from repeating the offence or committing other offences.
Suspended sentenceIf a person is convicted of an offence and the court suspends the passing of sentence under paragraph 731(1)(a) of the Criminal Code, the court may, in addition to any probation order made under that Act, make an order containing one or more of the prohibitions, directions or requirements mentioned in section 105.Imposition of sentenceIf the person does not comply with the order or is convicted of another offence, within three years after the order is made, the court may, on the application of the prosecution, impose any sentence that could have been imposed if the passing of sentence had not been suspended.
Limitation periodProceedings by way of summary conviction in respect of an offence may be commenced at any time within, but not later than, two years after the day on which the subject-matter of the proceedings became known to the competent minister.Competent minister’s certificateA document appearing to have been issued by the competent minister, certifying the day on which the subject-matter of any proceedings became known to the competent minister, is admissible in evidence without proof of the signature or official character of the person appearing to have signed the document and is proof of the matter asserted in it.References to the competent ministerA reference to the competent minister in this section includes a provincial or territorial minister if the competent minister has delegated responsibility for the enforcement of this Act, the regulations or an emergency order in the province or territory to the provincial or territorial minister and the offence is alleged to have been committed in the province or territory.
Alternative Measures
When alternative measures may be usedAlternative measures may be used to deal with a person who is alleged to have committed an offence, but only if it is not inconsistent with the purposes of this Act to do so and the following conditions are met:the measures are part of a program of alternative measures authorized by the Attorney General, after consultation with the competent minister;an information has been laid in respect of the offence;the Attorney General, after consultation with the competent minister, is satisfied that the alternative measures would be appropriate, having regard to the nature of the offence, the circumstances surrounding its commission and the following factors, namely,the protection of species at risk,the person’s history of compliance with this Act,whether the offence is a repeated occurrence,any allegation that information is being or was concealed or other attempts to subvert the purposes and requirements of this Act are being or have been made, andwhether any remedial or preventive action has been taken by or on behalf of the person in relation to the offence;the person applies, in accordance with regulations made under paragraph 119(a), to participate in the alternative measures after having been informed of them;the person and the Attorney General have concluded an agreement respecting the alternative measures within 180 days after the person has, with respect to the offence, been served with a summons, been issued an appearance notice or a release order or entered into an undertaking;before consenting to participate in the alternative measures, the person has been advised of the right to be represented by counsel;the person accepts responsibility for the act or omission that forms the basis of the offence;there is, in the opinion of the Attorney General, sufficient evidence to proceed with the prosecution of the offence; andthe prosecution of the offence is not barred at law.Restriction on useAlternative measures may not be used to deal with a person whodenies participation or involvement in the commission of the alleged offence; orexpresses the wish to have any charge against them dealt with by the court.Admissions not admissible in evidenceNo admission, confession or statement accepting responsibility for a given act or omission made by a person as a condition of being dealt with by alternative measures is admissible in evidence against the person in any civil or criminal proceedings.Dismissal of chargeA court must dismiss a charge laid against a person in respect of an offence if alternative measures have been used to deal with the person in respect of the alleged offence andthe court is satisfied on a balance of probabilities that the person has totally complied with the agreement; orthe court is satisfied on a balance of probabilities that the person has partially complied with the agreement and, in the opinion of the court, the prosecution of the charge would be unfair, having regard to the circumstances and the person’s performance with respect to the agreement.No bar to proceedingsThe use of alternative measures in respect of a person who is alleged to have committed an offence is not a bar to any proceedings against the person under this Act.Laying of information, etc.This section does not prevent any person from laying an information, obtaining the issue or confirmation of any process, or proceeding with the prosecution of any offence, in accordance with law.2002, c. 29, s. 1082019, c. 25, s. 400
Terms and conditions in agreementAn alternative measures agreement may contain any terms and conditions, includingterms and conditions having any or all of the effects set out in section 105 or any other terms and conditions having any of the effects prescribed by regulations that the Attorney General, after consultation with the competent minister, considers appropriate; andterms and conditions relating to the costs associated with ensuring compliance with the agreement.Supervision of complianceAny governmental organization may supervise compliance with the agreement.
Duration of agreementAn alternative measures agreement comes into effect on the day on which it is concluded or on any later day that is specified in the agreement and continues in effect for a period of not more than three years.
Filing in court for purpose of public accessThe Attorney General must consult the competent minister before concluding an alternative measures agreement and, subject to subsection (5), must have the agreement filed with the court in which the information was laid within 30 days after the agreement is concluded. The agreement is to be filed as part of the court record of the proceedings to which the public has access.ReportsA report relating to the administration of, and compliance with, the agreement must be filed with the same court by the Attorney General immediately after all the terms and conditions of the agreement have been complied with or the charges in respect of which the agreement was entered into have been dismissed.Third party informationSubject to subsection (4), if any of the following information is to be part of the agreement or the report, it must be set out in a schedule to the agreement or to the report:trade secrets of any person;financial, commercial, scientific or technical information that is confidential information and is treated consistently in a confidential manner by any person;information the disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to result in material financial loss or gain to any person, or could reasonably be expected to prejudice the competitive position of any person; orinformation the disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to interfere with contractual or other negotiations of any person.Agreement on information to be in scheduleThe parties to the agreement must agree on which information that is to be part of the agreement or the report is information that meets the requirements of paragraphs (3)(a) to (d).How schedule is to be kept secretThe schedule is confidential and must not be filed with the court.Prohibition of disclosureThe competent minister must not disclose any information set out in a schedule to the agreement or to the report, except as authorized by section 117 or the Access to Information Act.
Stay of proceedingsDespite section 579 of the Criminal Code, the Attorney General must, on filing an alternative measures agreement, stay the proceedings in respect of the alleged offence, or apply to the court for an adjournment of the proceedings, for a period of not more than one year after the expiry of the agreement.Recommencement of proceedingsProceedings stayed under subsection (1) may be recommenced without laying a new information or preferring a new indictment, as the case may be, by the Attorney General giving notice of the recommencement to the clerk of the court in which the stay of the proceedings was entered. If no such notice is given within one year after the expiry of the agreement, the proceedings are deemed to have never been commenced.
Application to vary agreementSubject to subsections 111(2) and (3), the Attorney General may vary the terms and conditions of an alternative measures agreement on application by the person bound by the agreement and after consultation with the competent minister. The Attorney General must be of the opinion that the variation is desirable because of a material change in the circumstances since the agreement was concluded or last varied. The variation may includedecreasing the period for which the agreement is to remain in force; andrelieving the person of compliance with any condition that is specified in the agreement, either absolutely or partially or for any period that the Attorney General considers desirable.Filing varied agreementAn agreement that has been varied must be filed in accordance with section 111 with the court in which the original agreement was filed.
Application of provisions dealing with recordsSections 115 to 117 apply only in respect of persons who have entered into an alternative measures agreement, regardless of the degree of their compliance with the terms and conditions of the agreement.
Disclosure of information by peace officer or enforcement officerWhere it is necessary in the conduct of an investigation of an offence, a peace officer or enforcement officer may disclose to a department or agency of a government in Canada any information in a record relating to an offence alleged to have been committed by a person, including the original or a copy of any fingerprints or photographs of the person.
Government recordsThe competent minister, any enforcement officer and any department or agency of a government in Canada with which the competent minister has entered into an agreement under section 10 may keep records and use information obtained as a result of the use of alternative measures to deal with a personfor the purposes of an inspection under this Act or an investigation of an offence alleged to have been committed by a person;in proceedings against a person under this Act;for the purpose of the administration of alternative measures programs; orotherwise for the administration of this Act.Private recordsAny person or organization may keep records of information obtained by them as a result of supervising compliance with an alternative measures agreement and use the information for the purpose of supervising such compliance.
Disclosure of recordsA record or information referred to in section 115 or 116 may be made available toany judge or court for any purpose with respect to proceedings relating to offences under this or any other Act committed or alleged to have been committed by the person to whom the record relates;any peace officer, enforcement officer or prosecutorfor the purpose of investigating an offence under this or any other Act that the person is suspected on reasonable grounds of having committed, or in respect of which the person has been arrested or charged, orfor any purpose related to the administration of the case to which the record relates;any member of a department or agency of a government in Canada, or any agent of such a government, that isengaged in the administration of alternative measures in respect of the person, orpreparing a report in respect of the person under this Act; orany other person who is deemed, or any person within a class of persons that is deemed, by a judge of a court to have a valid interest in the record, to the extent directed by the judge, ifthe judge is satisfied that the disclosure is desirable in the public interest for research or statistical purposes or in the interest of the proper administration of justice, andthe person gives a written undertaking not to subsequently disclose the information except in accordance with subsection (2).Subsequent disclosure for research or statistical purposesIf a record is made available for inspection to any person under paragraph (1)(d) for research or statistical purposes, that person may subsequently disclose information contained in the record, but may not disclose the information in any form that would reasonably be expected to identify the person to whom it relates.Information, copiesA person to whom a record is authorized to be made available under this section may be given any information contained in the record and may be given a copy of any part of the record.EvidenceThis section does not authorize the introduction into evidence of any part of a record that would not otherwise be admissible in evidence.Exception for public access to court recordFor greater certainty, this section does not apply in respect of an alternative measures agreement, a varied alternative measures agreement or a report that is filed with the court in accordance with section 111.
Information exchange agreementsThe competent minister may enter into an agreement with a department or agency of a government in Canada respecting the exchange of information for the purpose of administering alternative measures or preparing a report in respect of a person’s compliance with an alternative measures agreement.
RegulationsThe competent minister may make regulations respecting the alternative measures that may be used for the purposes of this Act including regulations respectingthe form and manner in which and the period within which an application to participate in the alternative measures is to be made, and the information that must be contained in or accompany the application;the manner of preparing and filing reports relating to the administration of and compliance with alternative measures agreements;the types of costs, and the manner of paying the costs, associated with ensuring compliance with alternative measures agreements; andthe terms and conditions that may be included in an alternative measures agreement and the effects of those terms and conditions.
Public Registry
Public registryThe Minister must establish a public registry for the purpose of facilitating access to documents relating to matters under this Act.
RegulationsThe Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister after consultation with the Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency and the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, make regulations respecting the form of the public registry, the keeping of the public registry and access to it.2002, c. 29, s. 121; 2005, c. 2, s. 25
Protection from proceedingsDespite any other Act of Parliament, no civil or criminal proceedings may be brought against Her Majesty in right of Canada, the Minister, the Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency, the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans or any person acting on behalf of or under the direction of any of them for the full or partial disclosure in good faith of any notice or other document through the public registry or any consequences of its disclosure.2002, c. 29, s. 122; 2005, c. 2, s. 25
Documents to be in public registryThe public registry shall contain every document required to be included in the public registry by this Act and the following documents, or a copy of the following documents:regulations and orders made under this Act;agreements entered into under section 10;COSEWIC’s criteria for the classification of wildlife species;status reports on wildlife species that COSEWIC has had prepared or has received with an application;the List of Wildlife Species at Risk;codes of practice, national standards or guidelines established under this Act;agreements and reports filed under section 111 or subsection 113(2) or notices that those agreements or reports have been filed in court and are available to the public; andevery report made under sections 126 and 128.
RestrictionThe Minister, on the advice of COSEWIC, may restrict the release of any information required to be included in the public registry if that information relates to the location of a wildlife species or its habitat and restricting its release would be in the best interests of the species.
Fees and Charges
RegulationsThe Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister and the President of the Treasury Board, after the Minister has consulted the Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency and the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, make regulationsprescribing the fees and charges, or the manner of determining them, that may be charged for agreements or permits under section 73, for amendments to or for the renewal of such agreements or permits, for copies of documents in the public registry and for the inclusion of a document in the public registry;exempting any person or class of persons from the requirement to pay any of those fees or charges; andgenerally, in respect of any condition or any other matter in relation to the payment of those fees or charges.Recovery of feesA fee or charge required by the regulations to be paid constitutes a debt due to Her Majesty in right of Canada and may be recovered in any court of competent jurisdiction.2002, c. 29, s. 125; 2005, c. 2, s. 26
Reports and Review of Act
Annual report to ParliamentThe Minister must annually prepare a report on the administration of this Act during the preceding calendar year and must have a copy of the report tabled in each House of Parliament within the first 15 days that it is sitting after the completion of the report. The report must include a summary addressing the following matters:COSEWIC’s assessments and the Minister’s response to each of them;the preparation and implementation of recovery strategies, action plans and management plans;all agreements made under sections 10 to 13;all agreements entered into or renewed under section 73, all permits issued or renewed under that section and all agreements and permits amended under section 75 or exempted under section 76;enforcement and compliance actions taken, including the response to any requests for investigation;regulations and emergency orders made under this Act; andany other matters that the Minister considers relevant.2002, c. 29, s. 126; 2012, c. 19, s. 169
Convening round tableThe Minister must, at least once every two years, convene a round table of persons interested in matters respecting the protection of wildlife species at risk in Canada to advise the Minister on those matters.Recommendations to be in public registryAny written recommendations from the round table must be included in the public registry.Response of MinisterThe Minister must respond to any written recommendations from the round table within 180 days after receiving them and a copy of the Minister’s response must be included in the public registry.
Reports on status of wildlife speciesFive years after this section comes into force and at the end of each subsequent period of five years, the Minister must prepare a general report on the status of wildlife species. The Minister must have the report tabled in each House of Parliament within the first 15 days that it is sitting after the completion of the report.
Parliamentary review of ActFive years after this section comes into force, a committee of the House of Commons, of the Senate or of both Houses of Parliament is to be designated or established for the purpose of reviewing this Act.
Assessment of Wildlife Species Mentioned in the Schedules
Assessment of statusCOSEWIC must assess the status of each wildlife species set out in Schedule 2 or 3, and, as part of the assessment, identify existing and potential threats to the species andclassify the species as extinct, extirpated, endangered, threatened or of special concern;indicate that COSEWIC does not have sufficient information to classify the species; orindicate that the species is not currently at risk.Time for assessment — Schedule 2In the case of a species set out in Schedule 2, the assessment must be completed within 30 days after section 14 comes into force.Deemed classificationIf an assessment of a wildlife species set out in Schedule 2 is not completed within the required time or, if there has been an extension, within the extended time, COSEWIC is deemed to have classified the species as indicated in Schedule 2.Time for assessment — Schedule 3In the case of a species set out in Schedule 3, the assessment must be completed within one year after the competent minister requests the assessment. If there is more than one competent minister with respect to the species, they must make the request jointly.ExtensionThe Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister after consultation with the competent minister or ministers, by order, extend the time provided for the assessment of any species set out in Schedule 2 or 3. The Minister must include a statement in the public registry setting out the reasons for the extension.Provisions applySubsections 15(2) and (3) and 21(1) and section 25 apply with respect to assessments under subsection (1).Recent reportsIn making its assessment of a wildlife species, COSEWIC may take into account and rely on any report on the species that was prepared in the two-year period before this Act receives royal assent.
Section 27 appliesSection 27 applies in respect of a wildlife species referred to in section 130 that COSEWIC classifies as extinct, extirpated, endangered, threatened or of special concern or that is deemed to have been so classified.
Time for recovery strategyIf a wildlife species is added to the List by the Governor in Council as the result of an assessment under section 130, the recovery strategy for the species must be prepared within three years after the listing in the case of an endangered species, and within four years in the case of a threatened species.
Time for management planIf a wildlife species is added to the List by the Governor in Council as a species of special concern as the result of an assessment under section 130, the management plan for the species must be prepared within five years after the listing.
Related Amendments
[Amendments]
Coordinating Amendment
[Amendment]
Coming into Force
Order of Governor in CouncilExcept for section 141.1, the provisions of this Act come into force on a day or days to be fixed by order of the Governor in Council.[Note: Section 141.1 in force on assent December 12, 2002; sections 1, 134 to 136 and 138 to 141 in force March 24, 2003, see SI/2003-43; sections 2 to 31, 37 to 56, 62, 65 to 76, 78 to 84, 120 to 133 and 137 in force June 5, 2003, sections 32 to 36, 57 to 61, 63, 64, 77 and 85 to 119 in force June 1, 2004, see SI/2003-111.]
(Subsections 2(1), 42(2) and 68(2))List of Wildlife Species at RiskExtirpated SpeciesMammalsFerret, Black-footed (Mustela nigripes)Putois d’AmériqueWalrus, Atlantic (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) Northwest Atlantic populationMorse de l’Atlantique population de l’Atlantique Nord-OuestWhale, Grey (Eschrichtius robustus) Atlantic populationBaleine grise population de l’AtlantiqueBirdsPrairie-Chicken, Greater (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus)Tétras des prairiesSage-Grouse phaios subspecies, Greater (Centrocercus urophasianus phaios)Tétras des armoises de la sous-espèce phaiosAmphibiansSalamander, Eastern Tiger (Ambystoma tigrinum) Carolinian populationSalamandre tigrée de l’Est population carolinienneReptilesGophersnake, Pacific (Pituophis catenifer catenifer)Couleuvre gaufre du PacifiqueLizard, Pygmy Short-horned (Phrynosoma douglasii)Lézard à petites cornes mineurRattlesnake, Timber (Crotalus horridus)Crotale des boisTurtle, Eastern Box (Terrapene carolina)Tortue boîte de l’EstTurtle, Northwestern Pond (Actinemys marmorata)Tortue de l’OuestFishChub, Gravel (Erimystax x-punctatus)GravelierPaddlefish (Polyodon spathula)SpatulaireMolluscsPuget Oregonian (Cryptomastix devia)Escargot du PugetWedgemussel, Dwarf (Alasmidonta heterodon)Alasmidonte naineArthropodsBlue, Karner (Plebejus samuelis)Bleu mélissaBurying Beetle, American (Nicrophorus americanus)Nécrophore d’AmériqueElfin, Frosted (Callophrys irus)Lutin givréMarble, Island (Euchloe ausonides insulanus)Marbré insulairePlantsLupine, Oregon (Lupinus oreganus)Lupin d’OrégonSpring Blue-eyed Mary (Collinsia verna)Collinsie printanièreTick-trefoil, Illinois (Desmodium illinoense)Desmodie d’IllinoisMossesMoss, Incurved Grizzled (Ptychomitrium incurvum)Ptychomitre à feuilles incurvéesEndangered SpeciesMammalsBadger jacksoni subspecies, American (Taxidea taxus jacksoni)Blaireau d’Amérique de la sous-espèce jacksoniBadger jeffersonii subspecies, American (Taxidea taxus jeffersonii) Eastern populationBlaireau d’Amérique de la sous-espèce jeffersonii population de l’EstBadger jeffersonii subspecies, American (Taxidea taxus jeffersonii) Western populationBlaireau d’Amérique de la sous-espèce jeffersonii population de l’OuestBat, Tri-coloured (Perimyotis subflavus)Pipistrelle de l’EstCaribou (Rangifer tarandus) Atlantic — Gaspésie populationCaribou population de la Gaspésie — AtlantiqueKangaroo Rat, Ord’s (Dipodomys ordii)Rat kangourou d’OrdMarmot, Vancouver Island (Marmota vancouverensis)Marmotte de l’île VancouverMole, Townsend’s (Scapanus townsendii)Taupe de TownsendMouse dychei subspecies, Western Harvest (Reithrodontomys megalotis dychei)Souris des moissons de la sous-espèce dycheiMyotis, Little Brown (Myotis lucifugus)Petite chauve-souris bruneMyotis, Northern (Myotis septentrionalis)Chauve-souris nordiqueSeal Lacs des Loups Marins subspecies, Harbour (Phoca vitulina mellonae)Phoque commun de la sous-espèce des Lacs des Loups MarinsShrew, Pacific Water (Sorex bendirii)Musaraigne de BendireWhale, Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) St. Lawrence Estuary populationBéluga population de l’estuaire du Saint-LaurentWhale, Blue (Balaenoptera musculus) Atlantic populationRorqual bleu population de l’AtlantiqueWhale, Blue (Balaenoptera musculus) Pacific populationRorqual bleu population du PacifiqueWhale, Killer (Orcinus orca) Northeast Pacific southern resident populationÉpaulard population résidente du sud du Pacifique Nord-EstWhale, North Atlantic Right (Eubalaena glacialis)Baleine noire de l’Atlantique NordWhale, North Pacific Right (Eubalaena japonica)Baleine noire du Pacifique NordWhale, Northern Bottlenose (Hyperoodon ampullatus) Scotian Shelf populationBaleine à bec commune, population du plateau néo-écossaisWhale, Sei (Balaenoptera borealis) Pacific populationRorqual boréal population du PacifiqueBirdsBobwhite, Northern (Colinus virginianus)Colin de VirginieChat auricollis subspecies, Yellow-breasted (Icteria virens auricollis) Southern Mountain populationParuline polyglotte de la sous-espèce auricollis population des montagnes du SudChat virens subspecies, Yellow-breasted (Icteria virens virens)Paruline polyglotte de la sous-espèce virensCrane, Whooping (Grus americana)Grue blancheCurlew, Eskimo (Numenius borealis)Courlis esquimauFlycatcher, Acadian (Empidonax virescens)Moucherolle vertGrebe, Horned (Podiceps auritus) Magdalen Islands populationGrèbe esclavon population des îles de la MadeleineGull, Ivory (Pagophila eburnea)Mouette blancheKnot rufa subspecies, Red (Calidris canutus rufa) Southeastern United States / Gulf of Mexico / Caribbean wintering population Bécasseau maubèche de la sous-espèce rufa population hivernant dans le sud-est des États-Unis, le golfe du Mexique et les Caraïbes Knot rufa subspecies, Red (Calidris canutus rufa) Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia wintering population Bécasseau maubèche de la sous-espèce rufa population hivernant dans la Terre de Feu et en PatagonieLark, Streaked Horned (Eremophila alpestris strigata)Alouette hausse-col de la sous-espèce strigataLongspur, Chestnut-collared (Calcarius ornatus)Plectrophane à ventre noirOwl, Barn (Tyto alba) Eastern populationEffraie des clochers population de l’EstOwl, Burrowing (Athene cunicularia)Chevêche des terriersOwl caurina subspecies, Spotted (Strix occidentalis caurina)Chouette tachetée de la sous-espèce caurinaPlover, Mountain (Charadrius montanus)Pluvier montagnardPlover circumcinctus subspecies, Piping (Charadrius melodus circumcinctus)Pluvier siffleur de la sous-espèce circumcinctusPlover melodus subspecies, Piping (Charadrius melodus melodus)Pluvier siffleur de la sous-espèce melodusRail, King (Rallus elegans)Râle élégantSage-Grouse urophasianus subspecies, Greater (Centrocercus urophasianus urophasianus)Tétras des armoises de la sous-espèce urophasianusSapsucker, Williamson’s (Sphyrapicus thyroideus)Pic de WilliamsonShearwater, Pink-footed (Ardenna creatopus)Puffin à pieds rosesShrike Eastern subspecies, Loggerhead (Lanius ludovicianus ssp.)Pie-grièche migratrice de la sous-espèce de l’EstSparrow, Coastal Vesper (Pooecetes gramineus affinis)Bruant vespéral de la sous-espèce affinisSparrow, Henslow’s (Ammodramus henslowii)Bruant de HenslowSwift, Black (Cypseloides niger)Martinet sombreTern, Roseate (Sterna dougallii)Sterne de DougallThrasher, Sage (Oreoscoptes montanus)Moqueur des armoisesWarbler, Cerulean (Setophaga cerulea)Paruline azuréeWarbler, Kirtland’s (Setophaga kirtlandii)Paruline de KirtlandWarbler, Prothonotary (Protonotaria citrea)Paruline orangéeWoodpecker, Red-headed (Melanerpes erythrocephalus)Pic à tête rougeWoodpecker, White-headed (Dryobates albolarvatus)Pic à tête blancheAmphibiansAmbystoma, Unisexual (Ambystoma laterale - texanum) Small-mouthed Salamander dependent populationAmbystoma unisexué, population dépendante de la salamandre à petite boucheAmbystoma, Unisexual (Ambystoma laterale - (2) jeffersonianum) Jefferson Salamander dependent populationAmbystoma unisexué, population dépendante de la salamandre de JeffersonFrog, Blanchard’s Cricket (Acris blanchardi)Rainette grillon de BlanchardFrog, Northern Leopard (Lithobates pipiens) Rocky Mountain populationGrenouille léopard du Nord population des RocheusesFrog, Oregon Spotted (Rana pretiosa)Grenouille maculée de l’OregonSalamander, Allegheny Mountain Dusky (Desmognathus ochrophaeus) Appalachian populationSalamandre sombre des montagnes population des AppalachesSalamander, Allegheny Mountain Dusky (Desmognathus ochrophaeus) Carolinian populationSalamandre sombre des montagnes population carolinienneSalamander, Eastern Tiger (Ambystoma tigrinum) Prairie populationSalamandre tigrée de l’Est population des PrairiesSalamander, Jefferson (Ambystoma jeffersonianum)Salamandre de JeffersonSalamander, Northern Dusky (Desmognathus fuscus) Carolinian populationSalamandre sombre du Nord population carolinienneSalamander, Small-mouthed (Ambystoma texanum)Salamandre à petite boucheSalamander, Western Tiger (Ambystoma mavortium) Southern Mountain populationSalamandre tigrée de l’Ouest population des montagnes du SudToad, Fowler’s (Anaxyrus fowleri)Crapaud de FowlerReptilesGartersnake, Butler’s (Thamnophis butleri)Couleuvre à petite têteMassasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) Carolinian populationMassasauga population carolinienneNightsnake, Desert (Hypsiglena chlorophaea)Couleuvre nocturne du désertQueensnake (Regina septemvittata)Couleuvre royaleRacer, Blue (Coluber constrictor foxii)Couleuvre agile bleueRatsnake, Gray (Pantherophis spiloides) Carolinian populationCouleuvre ratière grise population carolinienneSea Turtle, Leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) Atlantic populationTortue luth population de l’AtlantiqueSea Turtle, Leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) Pacific populationTortue luth population du PacifiqueSea Turtle, Loggerhead (Caretta caretta)Tortue caouanneSkink, Common Five-lined (Plestiodon fasciatus) Carolinian populationScinque pentaligne commun population carolinienneSnake, Sharp-tailed (Contia tenuis)Couleuvre à queue fineSoftshell, Spiny (Apalone spinifera)Tortue molle à épinesTurtle, Blanding’s (Emydoidea blandingii) Great Lakes / St. Lawrence populationTortue mouchetée population des Grands Lacs et du Saint-LaurentTurtle, Blanding’s (Emydoidea blandingii) Nova Scotia population Tortue mouchetée population de la Nouvelle-ÉcosseTurtle, Spotted (Clemmys guttata)Tortue ponctuéeFishBass, Striped (Morone saxatilis) St. Lawrence River populationBar rayé population du fleuve Saint-LaurentChub, Silver (Macrhybopsis storeriana) Great Lakes – Upper St. Lawrence populationsMéné à grandes écailles populations des Grands Lacs et du haut Saint-LaurentChubsucker, Lake (Erimyzon sucetta)Sucet de lacCisco, Shortnose (Coregonus reighardi)Cisco à museau courtCisco, Spring (Coregonus sp.)Cisco de printempsDace, Nooksack (Rhinichthys cataractae ssp.)Naseux de la NooksackDace, Redside (Clinostomus elongatus)Méné longDace, Speckled (Rhinichthys osculus)Naseux mouchetéDarter, Channel (Percina copelandi) Lake Erie populationsFouille-roche gris populations du lac ÉriéDarter, Channel (Percina copelandi) Lake Ontario populationsFouille-roche gris populations du lac OntarioGar, Spotted (Lepisosteus oculatus)Lépisosté tachetéLamprey, Western Brook (Lampetra richardsoni) Morrison Creek populationLamproie de l’ouest population du ruisseau MorrisonMadtom, Northern (Noturus stigmosus)Chat-fou du NordRedhorse, Copper (Moxostoma hubbsi)Chevalier cuivréSalmon, Atlantic (Salmo salar) Inner Bay of Fundy populationSaumon atlantique population de l’intérieur de la baie de FundyShark, Basking (Cetorhinus maximus) Pacific populationPèlerin population du PacifiqueShark, White (Carcharodon carcharias) Atlantic populationGrand requin blanc population de l’AtlantiqueShiner, Carmine (Notropis percobromus)Tête carminéeSmelt, Rainbow (Osmerus mordax) Lake Utopia large-bodied populationÉperlan arc-en-ciel population d’individus de grande taille du lac UtopiaSmelt, Rainbow (Osmerus mordax) Lake Utopia small-bodied populationÉperlan arc-en-ciel population d’individus de petite taille du lac UtopiaStickleback, Enos Lake Benthic Threespine (Gasterosteus aculeatus)Épinoche à trois épines benthique du lac EnosStickleback, Enos Lake Limnetic Threespine (Gasterosteus aculeatus)Épinoche à trois épines limnétique du lac EnosStickleback, Misty Lake Lentic Threespine (Gasterosteus aculeatus)Épinoche à trois épines lentique du lac MistyStickleback, Misty Lake Lotic Threespine (Gasterosteus aculeatus)Épinoche à trois épines lotique du lac MistyStickleback, Paxton Lake Benthic Threespine (Gasterosteus aculeatus)Épinoche à trois épines benthique du lac PaxtonStickleback, Paxton Lake Limnetic Threespine (Gasterosteus aculeatus)Épinoche à trois épines limnétique du lac PaxtonStickleback, Vananda Creek Benthic Threespine (Gasterosteus aculeatus)Épinoche à trois épines benthique du ruisseau VanandaStickleback, Vananda Creek Limnetic Threespine (Gasterosteus aculeatus)Épinoche à trois épines limnétique du ruisseau VanandaSturgeon, White (Acipenser transmontanus) Nechako River populationEsturgeon blanc population de la rivière NechakoSturgeon, White (Acipenser transmontanus) Upper Columbia River populationEsturgeon blanc population du cours supérieur du ColumbiaSturgeon, White (Acipenser transmontanus) Upper Fraser River populationEsturgeon blanc population du cours supérieur du FraserSturgeon, White (Acipenser transmontanus) Upper Kootenay River populationEsturgeon blanc population du cours supérieur de la rivière KootenayTrout, Rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Athabasca River populationsTruite arc-en-ciel populations de la rivière AthabascaWhitefish, Atlantic (Coregonus huntsmani)Corégone de l’AtlantiqueMolluscsAbalone, Northern (Haliotis kamtschatkana)Ormeau nordiqueBean, Rayed (Villosa fabalis)Villeuse haricotFawnsfoot (Truncilla donaciformis)Troncille pied-de-faonForestsnail, Broad-banded (Allogona profunda)Escargot-forestier échargeForestsnail, Oregon (Allogona townsendiana)Escargot-forestier de TownsendGlobe, Toothed (Mesodon zaletus)Gobelet denteléGlobelet, Proud (Patera pennsylvanica)Patère de PennsylvanieHickorynut (Obovaria olivaria)Obovarie olivâtreHickorynut, Round (Obovaria subrotunda)Obovarie rondeKidneyshell (Ptychobranchus fasciolaris)Ptychobranche réniformeLilliput (Toxolasma parvum)Toxolasme nainMussel, Salamander (Simpsonaias ambigua)Mulette du NecturePhysa, Hotwater (Physella wrighti)Physe d’eau chaudePigtoe, Round (Pleurobema sintoxia)Pleurobème écarlateRiffleshell, Northern (Epioblasma torulosa rangiana)Épioblasme ventrueShagreen (Inflectarius inflectus)Escargot galuchatSnail, Banff Springs (Physella johnsoni)Physe des fontaines de BanffSnuffbox (Epioblasma triquetra)Épioblasme tricorneTigersnail, Eastern Banded (Anguispira kochi kochi)Escargot-tigre à bandes de l’EstWhitelip, Striped (Webbhelix multilineata)Polyspire rayéArthropodsBlue, Island (Plebejus saepiolus insulanus)Bleu insulaireBorer, Hoptree (Prays atomocella)Perceur du ptéléaBuckmoth, Bogbean (Hemileuca sp.)Hémileucin du ményantheBumble Bee, Gypsy Cuckoo (Bombus bohemicus)Psithyre bohémienBumble Bee, Rusty-patched (Bombus affinis)Bourdon à tache rousseCheckerspot, Taylor’s (Euphydryas editha taylori)Damier de TaylorClubtail, Olive (Stylurus olivaceus)Gomphe oliveClubtail, Rapids (Gomphus quadricolor)Gomphe des rapidesClubtail, Riverine (Stylurus amnicola) Great Lakes Plains populationGomphe riverain population des plaines des Grands LacsCrawling Water Beetle, Hungerford’s (Brychius hungerfordi)Haliplide de HungerfordCuckoo Bee, Macropis (Epeoloides pilosulus)Abeille-coucou de MacropisDiving Beetle, Bert’s Predaceous (Sanfilippodytes bertae)Hydropore de BerthaDuskywing, Eastern Persius (Erynnis persius persius)Hespérie Persius de l’EstDuskywing, Mottled (Erynnis martialis) Boreal populationHespérie tachetée population boréaleDuskywing, Mottled (Erynnis martialis) Great Lakes Plains populationHespérie tachetée population des plaines des Grands LacsEfferia, Okanagan (Efferia okanagana)Asile de l’OkanaganEmerald, Hine’s (Somatochlora hineana)Cordulie de HineFlower Moth, White (Schinia bimatris)Héliotin blanc satinéGold-edged Gem (Schinia avemensis)Héliotin d’AwemeHairstreak, Behr’s (Satyrium behrii)Porte-queue de BehrHairstreak, Half-moon (Satyrium semiluna)Porte-queue demi-luneLady Beetle, Nine-spotted (Coccinella novemnotata)Coccinelle à neuf pointsMetalmark, Mormon (Apodemia mormo) Southern Mountain populationMormon population des montagnes du SudMonarch (Danaus plexippus)MonarqueMoth, Edwards’ Beach (Anarta edwardsii)Noctuelle d’EdwardsMoth, Five-spotted Bogus Yucca (Prodoxus quinquepunctellus)Fausse-teigne à cinq points du yuccaMoth, Non-pollinating Yucca (Tegeticula corruptrix)Teigne tricheuse du yuccaMoth, Nuttall’s Sheep (Hemileuca nuttalli)Hémileucin de NuttallMoth, Reversed Haploa (Haploa reversa)Haploa inverséMoth, Sand-verbena (Copablepharon fuscum)Noctuelle de l’abronieMoth, Yucca (Tegeticula yuccasella)Teigne du yuccaRinglet, Maritime (Coenonympha nipisiquit)Satyre fauve des MaritimesSkipper, Dakota (Hesperia dacotae)Hespérie du DakotaSkipperling, Poweshiek (Oarisma poweshiek)Hespérie de PoweshiekSkipper, Oregon Branded (Hesperia colorado oregonia)Hespérie du ColoradoSkipper, Ottoe (Hesperia ottoe)Hespérie OttoéSun Moth, False-foxglove (Pyrrhia aurantiago)Héliotin orangé Tiger Beetle, Northern Barrens (Cicindela patruela)Cicindèle verte des pinèdesTiger Beetle, Wallis’ Dark Saltflat (Cicindela parowana wallisi)Cicindèle de WallisPlantsAgalinis, Gattinger’s (Agalinis gattingeri)Gérardie de GattingerAgalinis, Rough (Agalinis aspera)Gérardie rudeAgalinis, Skinner’s (Agalinis skinneriana)Gérardie de SkinnerAmmannia, Scarlet (Ammannia robusta)Ammannie robusteAster, Short-rayed Alkali (Symphyotrichum frondosum)Aster feuilluAvens, Eastern Mountain (Geum peckii)Benoîte de PeckBalsamroot, Deltoid (Balsamorhiza deltoidea)Balsamorhize à feuilles deltoïdesBeakrush, Tall (Rhynchospora macrostachya)Rhynchospore à gros épilletsBirch, Cherry (Betula lenta)Bouleau flexibleBluehearts (Buchnera americana)Buchnéra d’AmériqueBraya, Fernald’s (Braya fernaldii)Braya de FernaldBraya, Hairy (Braya pilosa)Braya poiluBraya, Long’s (Braya longii)Braya de LongBugbane, Tall (Actaea elata)Cimicaire élevéeBulrush, Bashful (Trichophorum planifolium)Trichophore à feuilles platesBush-clover, Slender (Lespedeza virginica)Lespédèze de VirginieButtercup, California (Ranunculus californicus)Renoncule de CalifornieButtercup, Water-plantain (Ranunculus alismifolius)Renoncule à feuilles d’alismeButternut (Juglans cinerea)Noyer cendréCactus, Eastern Prickly Pear (Opuntia humifusa)Oponce de l’EstCampion, Spalding’s (Silene spaldingii)Silène de SpaldingCatchfly, Coastal Scouler’s (Silene scouleri ssp. grandis)Grand silène de ScoulerCentaury, Muhlenberg’s (Centaurium muehlenbergii)Petite-centaurée de MuhlenbergChestnut, American (Castanea dentata)Châtaignier d’AmériqueColicroot (Aletris farinosa)Alétris farineuxCollomia, Slender (Collomia tenella)Collomia délicatColumbo, American (Frasera caroliniensis)Frasère de CarolineCoreopsis, Pink (Coreopsis rosea)Coréopsis roseDogwood, Eastern Flowering (Cornus florida)Cornouiller fleuriEvening-primrose, Contorted-pod (Camissonia contorta)Onagre à fruits tordusFern, Southern Maidenhair (Adiantum capillus-veneris)Adiante cheveux-de-VénusFoxglove, Downy Yellow False (Aureolaria virginica)Gérardie de VirginieGentian, Plymouth (Sabatia kennedyana)Sabatie de KennedyGentian, White Prairie (Gentiana alba)Gentiane blancheGinseng, American (Panax quinquefolius) Ginseng à cinq foliolesGoat’s-rue, Virginia (Tephrosia virginiana)Téphrosie de Virginie Goldenrod, Gillman’s (Solidago gillmanii)Verge d’or de GillmanGoldenrod, Showy (Solidago speciosa) Great Lakes Plains populationVerge d’or voyante population des plaines des Grands LacsGoldfields, Rayless (Lasthenia glaberrima)Lasthénie glabreGrass, Forked Three-awned (Aristida basiramea)Aristide à rameaux basilairesHesperochiron, Dwarf (Hesperochiron pumilus)Hespérochiron nainIronweed, Fascicled (Vernonia fasciculata)Vernonie fasciculéeLewisia, Tweedy’s (Lewisiopsis tweedyi)Léwisie de TweedyLipocarpha, Small-flowered (Lipocarpha micrantha)Lipocarphe à petites fleursLotus, Seaside Birds-foot (Lotus formosissimus)Lotier splendideLousewort, Furbish’s (Pedicularis furbishiae)Pédiculaire de FurbishLupine, Dense-flowered (Lupinus densiflorus)Lupin densifloreLupine, Prairie (Lupinus lepidus)Lupin élégantLupine, Streambank (Lupinus rivularis)Lupin des ruisseauxMallow, Virginia (Sida hermaphrodita)Mauve de VirginieMeconella, White (Meconella oregana)Méconelle d’OrégonMicroseris, Coast (Microseris bigelovii)Microséris de BigelowMilkwort, Pink (Polygala incarnata)Polygale incarnatMountain-mint, Hoary (Pycnanthemum incanum)Pycnanthème grisMulberry, Red (Morus rubra)Mûrier rougeOrchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed (Platanthera leucophaea)Platanthère blanchâtre de l’EstOrchid, Phantom (Cephalanthera austiniae)Céphalanthère d’AustinOrchid, Western Prairie Fringed (Platanthera praeclara)Platanthère blanchâtre de l’OuestOwl-clover, Bearded (Triphysaria versicolor)Triphysaire versicoloreOwl-clover, Grand Coulee (Orthocarpus barbatus)Orthocarpe barbuOwl-clover, Rosy (Orthocarpus bracteosus)Orthocarpe à épi feuilluOwl-clover, Victoria’s (Castilleja victoriae)Castilléjie de VictoriaPaintbrush, Golden (Castilleja levisecta)Castilléjie doréePaintbrush, Hairy (Castilleja tenuis)Castilléjie grêlePhacelia, Branched (Phacelia ramosissima)Phacélie rameusePine, Whitebark (Pinus albicaulis)Pin à écorce blanchePlantain, Heart-leaved (Plantago cordata)Plantain à feuilles cordéesPogonia, Large Whorled (Isotria verticillata)Isotrie verticilléePogonia, Nodding (Triphora trianthophoros)Triphore penchéPogonia, Small Whorled (Isotria medeoloides)Isotrie fausse-médéolePondweed, Ogden’s (Potamogeton ogdenii)Potamot d’OgdenPopcornflower, Fragrant (Plagiobothrys figuratus)Plagiobothryde odorantePussytoes, Stoloniferous (Antennaria flagellaris)Antennaire stolonifèreQuillwort, Columbia (Isœtes minima)Isoète du ColumbiaQuillwort, Engelmann’s (Isoetes engelmannii)Isoète d’EngelmannRockcress, Quebec (Boechera quebecensis) Arabette du Québec Rush, Kellogg’s (Juncus kelloggii)Jonc de KelloggSand-verbena, Pink (Abronia umbellata)Abronie roseSand-verbena, Small-flowered (Tripterocalyx micranthus)Abronie à petites fleursSandwort, Dwarf (Minuartia pusilla)Minuartie naineSedge, False Hop (Carex lupuliformis)Carex faux-lupulinaSedge, Foothill (Carex tumulicola)Carex tumulicoleSedge, Juniper (Carex juniperorum)Carex des genévriersSilverpuffs, Lindley’s False (Uropappus lindleyi)Uropappe de LindleySpike-primrose, Brook (Epilobium torreyi)Épilobe de TorreySpike-primrose, Dense (Epilobium densiflorum)Epilobe densifloreSpike-rush, Bent (Eleocharis geniculata) Great Lakes Plains populationÉléocharide géniculée population des plaines des Grands LacsSpike-rush, Bent (Eleocharis geniculata) Southern Mountain populationÉléocharide géniculée population des montagnes du SudSpike-rush, Horsetail (Eleocharis equisetoides)Éléocharide fausse-prêleSundew, Thread-leaved (Drosera filiformis)Droséra filiformeTonella, Small-flowered (Tonella tenella)Tonelle délicateToothcup (Rotala ramosior) Southern Mountain populationRotala rameux population des montagnes du SudTree, Cucumber (Magnolia acuminata)Magnolia acuminéTrefoil, Bog Bird’s-foot (Lotus pinnatus)Lotier à feuilles pennéesTrillium, Drooping (Trillium flexipes)Trille à pédoncule inclinéTriteleia, Howell’s (Triteleia howellii)Tritéléia de HowellValerian, Hairy (Valeriana edulis ssp. ciliata)Valériane ciliéeViolet, Bird’s-foot (Viola pedata)Violette pédaléeViolet praemorsa subspecies, Yellow Montane (Viola praemorsa ssp. praemorsa)Violette jaune des monts de la sous-espèce praemorsaWillow, Barrens (Salix jejuna)Saule des landesWood-poppy (Stylophorum diphyllum)Stylophore à deux feuillesWoolly-heads, Tall (Psilocarphus elatior)Psilocarphe élevéWoolly-heads, Dwarf (Psilocarphus brevissimus) Southern Mountain populationPsilocarphe nain, population des montagnes du SudLichensLichen, Batwing Vinyl (Leptogium platynum)Leptoge à grosses sporesLichen, Boreal Felt (Erioderma pedicellatum) Atlantic populationÉrioderme boréal population de l’AtlantiqueLichen, Golden-eye (Teloschistes chrysophthalmus) Great Lakes populationTéloschiste ocellé, population des Grands LacsLichen, Pale-bellied Frost (Physconia subpallida)Physconie pâleLichen, Vole Ears (Erioderma mollissimum)Érioderme mouMossesBeard-moss, Drooping-leaved (Oxystegus recurvifolius)Trichostome à feuilles recourbéesCord-moss, Rusty (Entosthodon rubiginosus)Entosthodon rouilleuxMoss, Acuteleaf Small Limestone (Seligeria acutifolia)Séligérie à feuilles aiguësMoss, Carey’s Small Limestone (Seligeria careyana)Séligérie de CareyMoss, Dalton’s (Daltonia splachnoides)Daltonie faux-splachneMoss, Margined Streamside (Scouleria marginata)Scoulérie à feuilles marginéesMoss, Nugget (Microbryum vlassovii)Phasque de VlassovMoss, Poor Pocket (Fissidens pauperculus)Fissident appauvriMoss, Rigid Apple (Bartramia aprica)Bartramie à feuilles dresséesMoss, Roell’s Brotherella (Brotherella roellii)Brotherelle de Ro‌ellMoss, Silver Hair (Fabronia pusilla)Fabronie naineYoke-moss, Slender (Zygodon gracilis)Houppe gracileThreatened SpeciesMammalsBat, Pallid (Antrozous pallidus)Chauve-souris blondeBison, Wood (Bison bison athabascae)Bison des boisCaribou, Peary (Rangifer tarandus pearyi)Caribou de PearyCaribou (Rangifer tarandus) Boreal populationCaribou population boréaleCaribou, Woodland (Rangifer tarandus caribou) Southern Mountain populationCaribou des bois population des montagnes du SudErmine haidarum subspecies (Mustela erminea haidarum)Hermine de la sous-espèce haidarumFox, Grey (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)Renard grisFox, Swift (Vulpes velox)Renard vélocePrairie Dog, Black-tailed (Cynomys ludovicianus)Chien de prairieWhale, Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) Cumberland Sound populationBéluga population de la baie CumberlandWhale, Fin (Balaenoptera physalus) Pacific populationRorqual commun population du PacifiqueWhale, Killer (Orcinus orca) Northeast Pacific northern resident populationÉpaulard population résidente du nord du Pacifique Nord-EstWhale, Killer (Orcinus orca) Northeast Pacific offshore populationÉpaulard population océanique du Pacifique Nord-EstWhale, Killer (Orcinus orca) Northeast Pacific transient populationÉpaulard population migratrice du Pacifique Nord-EstWolf, Eastern (Canis sp. cf. lycaon)Loup de l’EstBirdsAlbatross, Short-tailed (Phoebastria albatrus)Albatros à queue courteBittern, Least (Ixobrychus exilis)Petit BlongiosBobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus)Goglu des présBunting, Lark (Calamospiza melanocorys)Bruant noir et blancCrossbill percna subspecies, Red (Loxia curvirostra percna)Bec-croisé des sapins de la sous-espèce percnaGoshawk laingi subspecies, Northern (Accipiter gentilis laingi)Autour des palombes de la sous-espèce laingiGull, Ross’s (Rhodostethia rosea)Mouette roséeHawk, Ferruginous (Buteo regalis)Buse rouilleuseKnot roselaari subspecies, Red (Calidris canutus roselaari)Bécasseau maubèche de la sous-espèce roselaariLongspur, McCown’s (Rhynchophanes mccownii)Plectrophane de McCownMeadowlark, Eastern (Sturnella magna)Sturnelle des présMurrelet, Marbled (Brachyramphus marmoratus)Guillemot marbréOwl, Barn (Tyto alba) Western populationEffraie des clochers population de l’OuestOwl brooksi subspecies, Northern Saw-whet (Aegolius acadicus brooksi)Petite Nyctale de la sous-espèce brooksiPipit, Sprague’s (Anthus spragueii)Pipit de SpragueScreech-owl kennicottii subspecies, Western (Megascops kennicottii kennicottii)Petit-duc des montagnes de la sous-espèce kennicottiiScreech-owl macfarlanei subspecies, Western (Megascops kennicottii macfarlanei)Petit-duc des montagnes de la sous-espèce macfarlaneiShrike Prairie subspecies, Loggerhead (Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides)Pie-grièche migratrice de la sous-espèce des PrairiesSwallow, Bank (Riparia riparia)Hirondelle de rivageSwallow, Barn (Hirundo rustica)Hirondelle rustiqueSwift, Chimney (Chaetura pelagica)Martinet ramoneurThrush, Bicknell’s (Catharus bicknelli)Grive de BicknellThrush, Wood (Hylocichla mustelina)Grive des boisWarbler, Canada (Cardellina canadensis)Paruline du CanadaWarbler, Golden-winged (Vermivora chrysoptera)Paruline à ailes doréesWaterthrush, Louisiana (Parkesia motacilla)Paruline hochequeueWhip-poor-will, Eastern (Antrostomus vociferus)Engoulevent bois-pourriWoodpecker, Lewis’s (Melanerpes lewis)Pic de LewisAmphibiansFrog, Rocky Mountain Tailed (Ascaphus montanus)Grenouille-à-queue des RocheusesFrog, Western Chorus (Pseudacris triseriata) Great Lakes / St. Lawrence – Canadian Shield populationRainette faux-grillon de l’Ouest population des Grands Lacs / Saint-Laurent et du Bouclier canadienSalamander, Coastal Giant (Dicamptodon tenebrosus)Grande salamandre du NordSalamander, Spring (Gyrinophilus porphyriticus) Adirondack / Appalachian populationSalamandre pourpre population des Adirondacks et des AppalachesSpadefoot, Great Basin (Spea intermontana)Crapaud pied-bêche du Grand BassinReptilesFoxsnake, Eastern (Pantherophis vulpinus) Carolinian populationCouleuvre fauve de l’Est population carolinienneFoxsnake, Eastern (Pantherophis vulpinus) Great Lakes / St. Lawrence populationCouleuvre fauve de l’Est population des Grands Lacs et du Saint-LaurentGophersnake, Great Basin (Pituophis catenifer deserticola)Couleuvre à nez mince du Grand BassinMassasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) Great Lakes/St. Lawrence populationMassasauga population des Grands Lacs et du Saint-LaurentRacer, Eastern Yellow-bellied (Coluber constrictor flaviventris)Couleuvre agile à ventre jaune de l’EstRacer, Western Yellow-bellied (Coluber constrictor mormon)Couleuvre agile à ventre jaune de l’OuestRatsnake, Gray (Pantherophis spiloides) Great Lakes / St. Lawrence populationCouleuvre ratière grise population des Grands Lacs et du Saint-LaurentRattlesnake, Western (Crotalus oreganos)Crotale de l’OuestRibbonsnake, Eastern (Thamnophis sauritus) Atlantic populationCouleuvre mince population de l’AtlantiqueSnake, Eastern Hog-nosed (Heterodon platirhinos)Couleuvre à groin de l’EstTurtle, Western Painted (Chrysemys picta bellii) Pacific Coast populationTortue peinte de l’Ouest, population de la côte du PacifiqueTurtle, Wood (Glyptemys insculpta)Tortue des boisFishDarter, Eastern Sand (Ammocrypta pellucida) Ontario populationsDard de sable populations de l’OntarioDarter, Eastern Sand (Ammocrypta pellucida) Quebec populationsDard de sable populations du QuébecLamprey, Vancouver (Entosphenus macrostomus)Lamproie de VancouverMinnow, Plains (Hybognathus placitus)Méné des plainesMinnow, Pugnose (Opsopoeodus emiliae)Petit-becMinnow, Western Silvery (Hybognathus argyritis)Méné d’argent de l’OuestRedhorse, Black (Moxostoma duquesnei)Chevalier noirSculpin, Coastrange (Cottus aleuticus) Cultus populationChabot de la chaîne côtière population CultusSculpin, Rocky Mountain (Cottus sp.) Eastslope populationsChabot des montagnes Rocheuses populations du versant estShiner, Pugnose (Notropis anogenus)Méné camusShiner, Silver (Notropis photogenis)Méné miroirSpotted Wolffish (Anarhichas minor)Loup tachetéSucker, Mountain (Catostomus platyrhynchus) Milk River populationsMeunier des montagnes populations de la rivière MilkSucker, Salish (Catostomus sp. cf. catostomus)Meunier de SalishTrout, Bull (Salvelinus confluentus) Saskatchewan – Nelson Rivers populationsOmble à tête plate populations de la rivière Saskatchewan et du fleuve NelsonTrout, Westslope Cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) Alberta populationTruite fardée versant de l’Ouest population de l’AlbertaWolffish, Northern (Anarhichas denticulatus)Loup à tête largeMolluscsAtlantic Mud-piddock (Barnea truncata)Pholade tronquéeJumping-slug, Dromedary (Hemphillia dromedarius)Limace-sauteuse dromadaireMantleslug, Carolina (Philomycus carolinianus)Limace à manteau de la CarolineMapleleaf (Quadrula quadrula) Saskatchewan – Nelson Rivers populationMulette feuille d’érable population de la rivière Saskatchewan et du fleuve NelsonTaildropper, Blue-grey (Prophysaon coeruleum)Limace-prophyse bleu-grisWartyback, Threehorn (Obliquaria reflexa)Obliquaire à trois cornesArthropodsBumble Bee occidentalis subspecies, Western (Bombus occidentalis occidentalis)Bourdon de l’Ouest de la sous-espèce occidentalisFlower Moth, Verna’s (Schinia verna)Héliotin de VernaGrasshopper, Lake Huron (Trimerotropis huroniana)Criquet du lac HuronMoth, Dusky Dune (Copablepharon longipenne)Noctuelle sombre des dunesSkipper vestris subspecies, Dun (Euphyes vestris vestris)Hespérie rurale de la sous-espèce vestrisSweat Bee, Sable Island (Lasioglossum sablense)Halicte de l’île de SableTiger Beetle, Audouin’s Night-stalking (Omus audouini)Cicindèle d’AudouinTiger Beetle, Gibson’s Big Sand (Cicindela formosa gibsoni)Cicindèle à grandes taches de GibsonPlantsArnica, Griscom’s (Arnica griscomii ssp. griscomii)Arnica de GriscomAsh, Blue (Fraxinus quadrangulata)Frêne bleuAster, Gulf of St. Lawrence (Symphyotrichum laurentianum)Aster du golfe Saint-LaurentAster, Western Silvery (Symphyotrichum sericeum)Aster soyeuxAster, White Wood (Eurybia divaricata)Aster à rameaux étalésAster, Willowleaf (Symphyotrichum praealtum)Aster très élevéBaccharis, Eastern (Baccharis halimifolia)Baccharis à feuilles d’arrocheBartonia, Branched (Bartonia paniculata ssp. paniculata)Bartonie paniculéeBlazing Star, Dense (Liatris spicata)Liatris à épiCoffee-tree, Kentucky (Gymnocladus dioicus)Chicot févierCryptantha, Tiny (Cryptantha minima)Cryptanthe minusculeDeerberry (Vaccinium stamineum)Airelle à longues étaminesDesert-parsley, Gray’s (Lomatium grayi)Lomatium de GrayFern, Lemmon’s Holly (Polystichum lemmonii)Polystic de LemmonFern, Mountain Holly (Polystichum scopulinum)Polystic des rochersFoxglove, Fern-leaved Yellow False (Aureolaria pedicularia)Gérardie fausse-pédiculaireFoxglove, Smooth Yellow False (Aureolaria flava)Gérardie jauneGoldenrod, Showy (Solidago speciosa) Boreal populationVerge d’or voyante population boréaleGoosefoot, Smooth (Chenopodium subglabrum)Chénopode glabreGreenbrier, Round-leaved (Smilax rotundifolia) Great Lakes Plains populationSmilax à feuilles rondes population des plaines des Grands LacsHackberry, Dwarf (Celtis tenuifolia)Micocoulier rabougriHyacinth, Wild (Camassia scilloides)Camassie faux-scilleJacob’s-ladder, Van Brunt’s (Polemonium vanbruntiae)Polémoine de Van BruntLady’s-slipper, Small White (Cypripedium candidum)Cypripède blanc Locoweed, Hare-footed (Oxytropis lagopus)Oxytrope patte-de-lièvreMeadowfoam, Macoun’s (Limnanthes macounii)Limnanthe de MacounMosquito-fern, Mexican (Azolla mexicana)Azolle du MexiqueMouse-ear-cress, Slender (Crucihimalaya virgata)Arabette mincePaintbrush, Cliff (Castilleja rupicola)Castilléjie des rochersPea, Silky Beach (Lathyrus littoralis)Gesse littoralePepperbush, Sweet (Clethra alnifolia)Clèthre à feuilles d’aulnePhlox, Showy (Phlox speciosa ssp. occidentalis)Phlox de l’OuestPopcornflower, Slender (Plagiobothrys tenellus)Plagiobothryde délicateQuillwort, Bolander’s (Isoetes bolanderi)Isoète de BolanderSanicle, Bear’s-foot (Sanicula arctopoides)Sanicle patte-d’oursSanicle, Purple (Sanicula bipinnatifida)Sanicle bipinnatifideSoapweed (Yucca glauca)Yucca glauqueSpiderwort, Western (Tradescantia occidentalis)Tradescantie de l’OuestThistle, Hill’s (Cirsium hillii)Chardon de HillToothcup (Rotala ramosior) Great Lakes Plains populationRotala rameux population des plaines des Grands LacsTwayblade, Purple (Liparis liliifolia)Liparis à feuilles de lisWater-willow, American (Justicia americana)Carmantine d’AmériqueWillow, Green-scaled (Salix chlorolepis)Saule à bractées vertesWintergreen, Spotted (Chimaphila maculata)Chimaphile maculéeWoodsia, Blunt-lobed (Woodsia obtusa)Woodsie à lobes arrondisLichensLichen, Black-foam (Anzia colpodes)Anzie mousse-noireLichen, Crumpled Tarpaper (Collema coniophilum)Collème bâcheLichen, Seaside Bone (Hypogymnia heterophylla)Hypogymnie maritimeLichen, Seaside Centipede (Heterodermia sitchensis)Hétérodermie maritimeLichen, Smoker’s Lung (Lobaria retigera)Lobaire réticuléeLichen, Wrinkled Shingle (Pannaria lurida)Pannaire jaune pâleWaterfan, Eastern (Peltigera hydrothyria)Peltigère éventail d’eau de l’EstMossesBryum, Porsild’s (Haplodontium macrocarpum)Bryum de PorsildMoss, Alkaline Wing-nerved (Pterygoneurum kozlovii)Ptérygoneure de KoslovMoss, Haller’s Apple (Bartramia halleriana)Bartramie de HallerMoss, Spoon-leaved (Bryoandersonia illecebra)Andersonie charmanteSpecial ConcernMammalsBadger taxus subspecies, American (Taxidea taxus taxus)Blaireau d’Amérique de la sous-espèce taxusBat, Spotted (Euderma maculatum)Oreillard maculéBear, Grizzly (Ursus arctos) Western populationOurs grizzli population de l’OuestBear, Polar (Ursus maritimus)Ours blancBeaver, Mountain (Aplodontia rufa)Castor de montagneCaribou, Barren-ground (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) Dolphin and Union populationCaribou de la toundra population Dolphin-et-UnionCaribou (Rangifer tarandus) Newfoundland populationCaribou, population de Terre-NeuveCaribou, Woodland (Rangifer tarandus caribou) Northern Mountain populationCaribou des bois population des montagnes du NordCottontail nuttallii subspecies, Nuttall’s (Sylvilagus nuttallii nuttallii)Lapin de Nuttall de la sous-espèce nuttalliiMarten, American (Martes americana atrata) Newfoundland populationMartre d’Amérique population de Terre-NeuveMole, Eastern (Scalopus aquaticus)Taupe à queue glabreMouse megalotis subspecies, Western Harvest (Reithrodontomys megalotis megalotis)Souris des moissons de la sous-espèce megalotisOtter, Sea (Enhydra lutris)Loutre de merPika, Collared (Ochotona collaris)Pica à collierPorpoise, Harbour (Phocoena phocoena) Pacific Ocean populationMarsouin commun population de l’océan PacifiqueSea Lion, Steller (Eumetopias jubatus)Otarie de StellerVole, Woodland (Microtus pinetorum)Campagnol sylvestreWhale, Bowhead (Balaena mysticetus) Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort populationBaleine boréale, population des mers de Béring, des Tchouktches et de BeaufortWhale, Fin (Balaenoptera physalus) Atlantic populationRorqual commun population de l’AtlantiqueWhale, Grey (Eschrichtius robustus) Eastern North Pacific populationBaleine grise population du Pacifique Nord-EstWhale, Humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) North Pacific populationRorqual à bosse population du Pacifique NordWhale, Sowerby’s Beaked (Mesoplodon bidens)Baleine à bec de SowerbyWolverine (Gulo gulo)CarcajouBirdsAlbatross, Black-footed (Phoebastria nigripes)Albatros à pieds noirsAuklet, Cassin’s (Ptychoramphus aleuticus)Starique de CassinBlackbird, Rusty (Euphagus carolinus)Quiscale rouilleuxCurlew, Long-billed (Numenius americanus)Courlis à long becDuck, Harlequin (Histrionicus histrionicus) Eastern populationArlequin plongeur population de l’EstFalcon pealei subspecies, Peregrine (Falco peregrinus pealei)Faucon pèlerin de la sous-espèce pealeiFlycatcher, Olive-sided (Contopus cooperi)Moucherolle à côtés oliveGoldeneye, Barrow’s (Bucephala islandica) Eastern populationGarrot d’Islande population de l’EstGrebe, Horned (Podiceps auritus) Western populationGrèbe esclavon population de l’OuestGrebe, Western (Aechmophorus occidentalis)Grèbe élégantGrosbeak, Evening (Coccothraustes vespertinus)Gros-bec errantHeron fannini subspecies, Great Blue (Ardea herodias fannini)Grand héron de la sous-espèce fanniniKnot rufa subspecies, Red (Calidris canutus rufa) Northeastern South America wintering population Bécasseau maubèche de la sous-espèce rufa population hivernant dans le nord-est de l’Amérique du SudMurrelet, Ancient (Synthliboramphus antiquus)Guillemot à cou blanc Nighthawk, Common (Chordeiles minor)Engoulevent d’AmériqueOwl, Flammulated (Otus flammeolus)Petit-duc nainOwl, Short-eared (Asio flammeus)Hibou des maraisPhalarope, Red-necked (Phalaropus lobatus)Phalarope à bec étroitPigeon, Band-tailed (Patagioenas fasciata)Pigeon à queue barréeRail, Yellow (Coturnicops noveboracensis)Râle jauneSandpiper, Buff-breasted (Tryngites subruficollis)Bécasseau roussâtreSparrow, Baird’s (Ammodramus bairdii)Bruant de BairdSparrow, Harris’s (Zonotrichia querula)Bruant à face noireSparrow pratensis subspecies, Grasshopper (Ammodramus savannarum pratensis)Bruant sauterelle de la sous-espèce de l’EstSparrow princeps subspecies, Savannah (Passerculus sandwichensis princeps)Bruant des prés de la sous-espèce princepsWood-pewee, Eastern (Contopus virens)Pioui de l’EstAmphibiansFrog, Coastal Tailed (Ascaphus truei)Grenouille-à-queue côtièreFrog, Northern Leopard (Lithobates pipiens) Western Boreal / Prairie populationsGrenouille léopard du Nord populations des Prairies et de l’ouest de la zone boréaleFrog, Northern Red-legged (Rana aurora)Grenouille à pattes rouges du NordSalamander, Coeur d’Alene (Plethodon idahoensis)Salamandre de Coeur d’AlèneSalamander, Wandering (Aneides vagrans)Salamandre erranteSalamander, Western Tiger (Ambystoma mavortium) Prairie/Boreal populationSalamandre tigrée de l’Ouest population boréale et des PrairiesToad, Great Plains (Anaxyrus cognatus)Crapaud des steppesToad, Western (Anaxyrus boreas) Calling populationCrapaud de l’Ouest population chantanteToad, Western (Anaxyrus boreas) Non-calling populationCrapaud de l’Ouest population non-chantanteReptilesBoa, Northern Rubber (Charina bottae)Boa caoutchouc du NordBullsnake (Pituophis catenifer sayi)Couleuvre gaufre de SayLizard, Greater Short-horned (Phrynosoma hernandesi)Lézard à petites cornes majeurMilksnake, Eastern (Lampropeltis triangulum)Couleuvre tachetéeRattlesnake, Prairie (Crotalus viridis)Crotale des prairiesRibbonsnake, Eastern (Thamnophis sauritus) Great Lakes populationCouleuvre mince population des Grands LacsSkink, Common Five-lined (Plestiodon fasciatus) Great Lakes / St. Lawrence populationScinque pentaligne commun population des Grands Lacs et du Saint-LaurentSkink, Prairie (Plestiodon septentrionalis)Scinque des PrairiesSkink, Western (Plestiodon skiltonianus)Scinque de l’OuestSnake, Plains Hog-nosed (Heterodon nasicus)Couleuvre à groin des plainesTurtle, Eastern Musk (Sternotherus odoratus)Tortue musquéeTurtle, Eastern Painted (Chrysemys picta picta)Tortue peinte de l’EstTurtle, Midland Painted (Chrysemys picta marginata)Tortue peinte du CentreTurtle, Northern Map (Graptemys geographica)Tortue géographiqueTurtle, Snapping (Chelydra serpentina)Tortue serpentineTurtle, Western Painted (Chrysemys picta bellii) Intermountain - Rocky Mountain populationTortue peinte de l’Ouest, population intramontagnarde - des RocheusesWatersnake, Lake Erie (Nerodia sipedon insularum)Couleuvre d’eau du lac ÉriéFishBuffalo, Bigmouth (Ictiobus cyprinellus) Saskatchewan – Nelson River populationsBuffalo à grande bouche populations de la rivière Saskatchewan et du fleuve NelsonDarter, Channel (Percina copelandi) St. Lawrence populationsFouille-roche gris populations du Saint-LaurentDolly Varden (Salvelinus malma malma) Western Arctic populationsDolly Varden populations de l’ouest de l’ArctiqueKillifish, Banded (Fundulus diaphanus) Newfoundland populationsFondule barré populations de Terre-NeuveKiyi, Upper Great Lakes (Coregonus kiyi kiyi)Kiyi du secteur supérieur des Grands LacsLamprey, Northern Brook (Ichthyomyzon fossor) Great Lakes – Upper St. Lawrence populationsLamproie du Nord populations des Grands Lacs et du haut Saint-LaurentLamprey, Silver (Ichthyomyzon unicuspis) Great Lakes – Upper St. Lawrence populationsLamproie argentée populations des Grands Lacs et du haut Saint-LaurentMinnow, Cutlip (Exoglossum maxillingua)Bec-de-lièvrePickerel, Grass (Esox americanus vermiculatus)Brochet vermiculéRedhorse, River (Moxostoma carinatum)Chevalier de rivièreRockfish type I, Rougheye (Sebastes sp. type I)Sébaste à œil épineux du type IRockfish type II, Rougheye (Sebastes sp. type II)Sébaste à œil épineux du type IIRockfish, Yelloweye (Sebastes ruberrimus) Pacific Ocean inside waters populationSébaste aux yeux jaunes population des eaux intérieures de l’océan PacifiqueRockfish, Yelloweye (Sebastes ruberrimus) Pacific Ocean outside waters populationSébaste aux yeux jaunes population des eaux extérieures de l’océan PacifiqueSculpin, Columbia (Cottus hubbsi)Chabot du ColumbiaSculpin, Deepwater (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) Great Lakes - Western St. Lawrence populationsChabot de profondeur, populations des Grands Lacs - Ouest du Saint-LaurentSculpin, Rocky Mountain (Cottus sp.) Westslope populationsChabot des montagnes Rocheuses populations du versant ouestSculpin, Shorthead (Cottus confusus)Chabot à tête courteShark, Bluntnose Sixgill (Hexanchus griseus)Requin grisetShiner, Bridle (Notropis bifrenatus)Méné d’herbeStickleback, Giant Threespine (Gasterosteus aculeatus)Épinoche à trois épines géanteStickleback, Unarmoured Threespine (Gasterosteus aculeatus)Épinoche à trois épines lisseSturgeon, Green (Acipenser medirostris)Esturgeon vertSturgeon, Lake (Acipenser fulvescens) Southern Hudson Bay – James Bay populationsEsturgeon jaune populations du sud de la baie d’Hudson et de la baie JamesSturgeon, Shortnose (Acipenser brevirostrum)Esturgeon à museau courtSucker, Mountain (Catostomus platyrhynchus) Pacific populationsMeunier des montagnes populations du PacifiqueSucker, Spotted (Minytrema melanops)Meunier tachetéSunfish, Northern (Lepomis peltastes) Great Lakes – Upper St. Lawrence populationsCrapet du Nord populations des Grands Lacs et du haut Saint-LaurentThornyhead, Longspine (Sebastolobus altivelis)Sébastolobe à longues épinesTope (Galeorhinus galeus)MilandreTopminnow, Blackstripe (Fundulus notatus)Fondule rayéTrout, Bull (Salvelinus confluentus) South Coast British Columbia populationsOmble à tête plate populations de la côte sud de la Colombie-BritanniqueTrout, Bull (Salvelinus confluentus) Western Arctic populationsOmble à tête plate populations de l’ouest de l’ArctiqueTrout, Westslope Cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) British Columbia populationTruite fardée versant de l’ouest population de la Colombie-BritanniqueWarmouth (Lepomis gulosus)Crapet sac-à-laitWolffish, Atlantic (Anarhichas lupus)Loup AtlantiqueMolluscsFloater, Brook (Alasmidonta varicosa)Alasmidonte renfléeJumping-slug, Warty (Hemphillia glandulosa)Limace-sauteuse glanduleuseLampmussel, Wavy-rayed (Lampsilis fasciola)Lampsile fascioléeLampmussel, Yellow (Lampsilis cariosa)Lampsile jauneMantleslug, Magnum (Magnipelta mycophaga)Limace à grand manteauMapleleaf (Quadrula quadrula) Great Lakes – Upper St. Lawrence populationMulette feuille d’érable population des Grands Lacs et du haut Saint-LaurentMussel, Rocky Mountain Ridged (Gonidea angulata)Gonidée des RocheusesOyster, Olympia (Ostrea lurida)Huître plate du PacifiquePondmussel, Eastern (Ligumia nasuta)Ligumie pointueRainbow (Villosa iris)Villeuse iriséeSlug, Haida Gwaii (Staala gwaii)Limace de Haida GwaiiSlug, Pygmy (Kootenaia burkei)Limace pygméeSlug, Sheathed (Zacoleus idahoensis)Limace gainéeVertigo, Threaded (Vertigo rowellii)Vertigo à crêtes finesArthropodsAdmiral, Weidemeyer’s (Limenitis weidemeyerii)Amiral de WeidemeyerBumble Bee, American (Bombus pensylvanicus)Bourdon américainBumble Bee mckayi subspecies, Western (Bombus occidentalis mckayi)Bourdon de l’Ouest de la sous-espèce mckayiBumble Bee, Yellow-banded (Bombus terricola)Bourdon terricoleClubtail, Skillet (Gomphurus ventricosus)Gomphe ventruDancer, Vivid (Argia vivida)Agrion vifGrasshopper, Greenish-white (Hypochlora alba)Criquet de l’armoiseGrasshopper, Magdalen Islands (Melanoplus madeleineae)Criquet des Îles-de-la-MadeleineLady Beetle, Transverse (Coccinella transversoguttata)Coccinelle à bandes transversesLeafhopper, Red-tailed (Aflexia rubranura) Great Lakes Plains populationCicadelle à queue rouge population des plaines des Grands LacsLeafhopper, Red-tailed (Aflexia rubranura) Prairie populationCicadelle à queue rouge population des PrairiesMetalmark, Mormon (Apodemia mormo) Prairie populationMormon population des PrairiesMoth, Manitoba Oakworm (Anisota manitobensis)Anisote du ManitobaMoth, Pale Yellow Dune (Copablepharon grandis)Noctuelle jaune pâle des dunesSnaketail, Pygmy (Ophiogomphus howei)Ophiogomphe de HoweSpider, Georgia Basin Bog (Gnaphosa snohomish)Gnaphose de SnohomishTachinid Fly, Dune (Germaria angustata)Mouche tachinide des dunesTiger Beetle, Cobblestone (Cicindela marginipennis)Cicindèle des galetsWasp, Yellow Scarab Hunter (Dielis pilipes)Scolie doréePlantsAster, Anticosti (Symphyotrichum anticostense)Aster d’AnticostiAster, Crooked-stem (Symphyotrichum prenanthoides)Aster fausse-prenantheAster, Nahanni (Symphyotrichum nahanniense)Aster de la NahanniAster, White-top (Sericocarpus rigidus)Aster rigideBeggarticks, Vancouver Island (Bidens amplissima)Grand bidentBlue Flag, Western (Iris missouriensis)Iris du MissouriBuffalograss (Bouteloua dactyloides)Buchloé faux-dactyleBulrush, Long’s (Scirpus longii)Scirpe de LongDaisy, Lakeside (Tetraneuris herbacea)Hyménoxys herbacéDraba, Puvirnituq Mountain (Draba puvirnituqii)Drave des monts de PuvirnituqFern, American Hart’s-tongue (Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum)Scolopendre d’AmériqueFern, Coastal Wood (Dryopteris arguta)Dryoptéride côtièreGentian, Victorin’s (Gentianopsis virgata ssp. victorinii)Gentiane de VictorinGoldencrest (Lophiola aurea)Lophiolie doréeGoldenrod, Houghton’s (Solidago houghtonii)Verge d’or de HoughtonGoldenrod, Riddell’s (Solidago riddellii)Verge d’or de RiddellGoldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)Hydraste du CanadaHairgrass, Mackenzie (Deschampsia mackenzieana)Deschampsie du bassin du MackenzieHoptree, Common (Ptelea trifoliata)Ptéléa trifoliéIndian-plantain, Tuberous (Arnoglossum plantagineum)Arnoglosse plantainIris, Dwarf Lake (Iris lacustris)Iris lacustreLilaeopsis, Eastern (Lilaeopsis chinensis)Liléopsis de l’EstLily, Lyall’s Mariposa (Calochortus lyallii)Calochorte de LyallMilk-vetch, Fernald’s (Astragalus robbinsii var. fernaldii)Astragale de FernaldPennywort, Water (Hydrocotyle umbellata)Hydrocotyle à ombellePinweed, Beach (Lechea maritima)Léchéa maritimePodistera, Yukon (Podistera yukonensis)Podistère du YukonPondweed, Hill’s (Potamogeton hillii)Potamot de HillPrairie-clover, Hairy (Dalea villosa)Dalée velueQuillwort, Prototype (Isoetes prototypus)Isoète prototypeRedroot (Lachnanthes caroliniana)Lachnanthe de CarolineRose, Climbing Prairie (Rosa setigera)Rosier sétigèreRose-mallow, Swamp (Hibiscus moscheutos)Ketmie des maraisRue-anemone, Eastern False (Enemion biternatum)Isopyre à feuilles biternéesRush, New Jersey (Juncus caesariensis)Jonc du New JerseySaxifrage, Spiked (Micranthes spicata)Saxifrage à épisSedge, Baikal (Carex sabulosa)Carex des sablesSpike-rush, Tubercled (Eleocharis tuberculosa)Éléocharide tuberculéeTansy, Floccose (Tanacetum huronense var. floccosum)Tanaisie floconneuseThistle, Pitcher’s (Cirsium pitcheri)Chardon de PitcherThrift, Athabasca (Armeria maritima ssp. interior)Arméria de l’AthabascaWater-hemlock, Victorin’s (Cicuta maculata var. victorinii)Cicutaire de VictorinWild Buckwheat, Yukon (Eriogonum flavum var. aquilinum)Ériogone du NordWillow, Blanket-leaved (Salix silicicola)Saule silicicoleWillow, Sand-dune Short-capsuled (Salix brachycarpa var. psammophila)Saule psammophileWillow, Turnor’s (Salix turnorii)Saule de TurnorWoolly-heads, Dwarf (Psilocarphus brevissimus) Prairie populationPsilocarphe nain, population des PrairiesYarrow, Large-headed Woolly (Achillea millefolium var. megacephala)Achillée à gros capitulesMossesCord-moss, Banded (Entosthodon fascicularis)Entosthodon fasciculéMoss, Columbian Carpet (Bryoerythrophyllum columbianum)Érythrophylle du ColumbiaMoss, Twisted Oak (Syntrichia laevipila)Tortule à poils lissesTassel, Tiny (Crossidium seriatum)Petit pomponLichensGlass-whiskers, Frosted (Sclerophora peronella) Atlantic populationSclérophore givré population de l’AtlantiqueJellyskin, Flooded (Leptogium rivulare)Leptoge des terrains inondésLichen, Blue Felt (Degelia plumbea)Dégélie plombéeLichen, Boreal Felt (Erioderma pedicallatum) Boreal populationÉrioderme boréal population boréaleLichen, Cryptic Paw (Nephroma occultum)Néphrome cryptiqueLichen, Golden-eye (Teloschistes chrysophthalmus) Prairie / Boreal populationTéloschiste ocellé, population boréale et des PrairiesLichen, Oldgrowth Specklebelly (Pseudocyphellaria rainierensis)Pseudocyphellie des forêts surannéesLichen, Peacock Vinyl (Leptogium polycarpum)Leptoge à quatre sporesMountain Crab-eye (Acroscyphus sphaerophoroides)Acroscyphe des montagnesWaterfan, Western (Peltigera gowardii)Peltigère éventail d’eau de l’Ouest2002, c. 29, Sch. 1; SOR/2005-14, ss. 1 to 53; SOR/2005-224, ss. 1 to 32; SOR/2006-60, ss. 1, 2; SOR/2006-189, ss. 1 to 22, 23(F), 24 to 26; SOR/2007-284; SOR/2009-86; SOR/2010-32, 33; SOR/2011-8, 128, 233; SOR/2012-133; SOR/2013-34; SOR/2014-274; SOR/2017-10, 59, 112, 130, 229; SOR/2018-10, 112SOR/2019-52, s. 1SOR/2019-52, s. 2SOR/2019-52, s. 3SOR/2019-52, s. 4SOR/2019-52, s. 5SOR/2019-52, s. 6SOR/2019-52, s. 7SOR/2019-52, s. 8SOR/2019-52, s. 9SOR/2019-52, s. 10SOR/2019-52, s. 11SOR/2019-52, s. 12SOR/2019-52, s. 13SOR/2019-52, s. 14SOR/2019-52, s. 15SOR/2019-52, s. 16SOR/2019-52, s. 17SOR/2019-52, s. 18SOR/2019-52, s. 19SOR/2019-52, s. 20SOR/2019-52, s. 21SOR/2019-52, s. 22SOR/2019-145, s. 1SOR/2019-145, s. 2SOR/2019-145, s. 3SOR/2019-145, s. 4SOR/2019-145, s. 5SOR/2019-145, s. 6SOR/2019-287, s. 1SOR/2019-287, s. 2SOR/2019-287, s. 3SOR/2019-287, s. 4SOR/2019-287, s. 5SOR/2019-287, s. 6SOR/2019-287, s. 7SOR/2019-287, s. 8SOR/2019-287, s. 9SOR/2019-287, s. 10SOR/2019-287, s. 11SOR/2019-287, s. 12SOR/2020-219, s. 1SOR/2020-219, s. 2SOR/2021-87, s. 1SOR/2021-87, s. 2SOR/2021-87, s. 3SOR/2021-87, s. 4SOR/2021-87, s. 5SOR/2021-87, s. 6SOR/2021-87, s. 7SOR/2021-87, s. 8SOR/2021-87, s. 9SOR/2021-87, s. 10SOR/2021-87, s. 11SOR/2021-87, s. 12SOR/2021-87, s. 13SOR/2021-87, s. 14SOR/2021-205, s. 1SOR/2021-205, s. 2SOR/2021-205, s. 3SOR/2021-205, s. 4SOR/2021-205, s. 5SOR/2021-205, s. 6SOR/2021-205, s. 7SOR/2021-205, s. 8SOR/2021-205, s. 9SOR/2021-205, s. 10SOR/2021-205, s. 11SOR/2021-205, s. 12SOR/2021-205, s. 13SOR/2021-205, s. 14SOR/2021-205, s. 15SOR/2021-205, s. 16SOR/2021-205, s. 17SOR/2022-14, s. 1SOR/2022-14, s. 2SOR/2022-14, s. 3SOR/2022-14, s. 4SOR/2022-14, s. 5SOR/2022-14, s. 6SOR/2022-14, s. 7SOR/2022-14, s. 8SOR/2022-14, s. 9SOR/2022-14, s. 10SOR/2022-14, s. 11SOR/2022-14, s. 12SOR/2022-14, s. 13(F)SOR/2022-14, s. 14(F)SOR/2022-14, s. 15SOR/2022-14, s. 16SOR/2022-14, s. 17SOR/2022-14, s. 18SOR/2022-14, s. 19SOR/2022-14, s. 20SOR/2022-14, s. 21SOR/2022-14, s. 22SOR/2022-14, s. 23SOR/2022-14, s. 24SOR/2022-14, s. 25SOR/2022-14, s. 26SOR/2022-14, s. 27SOR/2022-14, s. 28SOR/2022-14, s. 29SOR/2022-14, s. 30SOR/2022-14, s. 31SOR/2022-14, s. 32SOR/2022-14, s. 33SOR/2022-14, s. 34SOR/2022-14, s. 35SOR/2022-14, s. 36SOR/2022-14, s. 37SOR/2022-14, s. 38SOR/2022-14, s. 39SOR/2022-14, s. 40SOR/2022-14, s. 41SOR/2022-14, s. 42SOR/2023-16, s. 1SOR/2023-16, s. 2SOR/2023-16, s. 3SOR/2023-16, s. 4SOR/2023-16, s. 5SOR/2023-16, s. 6SOR/2023-16, s. 7SOR/2023-16, s. 8SOR/2023-16, s. 9SOR/2023-16, s. 10SOR/2023-16, s. 11SOR/2023-17, s. 1SOR/2023-17, s. 2SOR/2023-17, s. 3SOR/2023-17, s. 4SOR/2023-17, s. 5SOR/2023-17, s. 6SOR/2023-17, s. 7SOR/2023-17, s. 8SOR/2023-17, s. 9SOR/2023-17, s. 10SOR/2023-17, s. 11SOR/2023-263, s. 1SOR/2023-263, s. 2SOR/2023-263, s. 3SOR/2023-263, s. 4SOR/2024-123, s. 1SOR/2024-123, s. 2SOR/2024-123, s. 3SOR/2024-123, s. 4SOR/2024-123, s. 5SOR/2024-123, s. 6SOR/2024-123, s. 7SOR/2024-123, s. 8SOR/2024-123, s. 9SOR/2024-123, s. 10SOR/2024-135, s. 1SOR/2024-135, s. 2SOR/2025-157, s. 1SOR/2025-157, s. 2SOR/2025-157, s. 3SOR/2025-157, s. 4SOR/2025-157, s. 5SOR/2025-157, s. 6SOR/2025-157, s. 7SOR/2025-157, s. 8SOR/2025-157, s. 9SOR/2025-157, s. 10SOR/2025-157, s. 11SOR/2025-157, s. 12SOR/2026-37, s. 1SOR/2026-37, s. 2SOR/2026-37, s. 3SOR/2026-37, s. 4SOR/2026-37, s. 5SOR/2026-37, s. 6SOR/2026-37, s. 7SOR/2026-37, s. 8SOR/2026-37, s. 9SOR/2026-37, s. 10SOR/2026-37, s. 11SOR/2026-37, s. 12SOR/2026-37, s. 13SOR/2026-37, s. 14SOR/2026-37, s. 15SOR/2026-37, s. 16SOR/2026-37, s. 17SOR/2026-37, s. 18SOR/2026-37, s. 19SOR/2026-37, s. 20SOR/2026-37, s. 21SOR/2026-37, s. 22SOR/2026-37, s. 23SOR/2026-37, s. 24SOR/2026-37, s. 25SOR/2026-37, s. 26(Section 130)Endangered SpeciesMammalsWhale, Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) Ungava Bay populationBéluga population de la baie d’UngavaWhale, Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) Southeast Baffin Island - Cumberland Sound populationBéluga population du sud-est de l’île de Baffin et de la baie CumberlandWhale, Bowhead (Balaena mysticetus) Eastern Arctic populationBaleine boréale population de l’Arctique de l’EstWhale, Bowhead (Balaena mysticetus) Western Arctic populationBaleine boréale population de l’Arctique de l’OuestBirdsReptilesSnake, Lake Erie Water (Nerodia sipedon insularum)Couleuvre d’eau du lac ÉriéFishThreatened SpeciesMammalsPorpoise, Harbour (Phocoena phocoena) Northwest Atlantic populationMarsouin commun population du Nord-Ouest de l’AtlantiqueWhale, Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) Eastern Hudson Bay populationBéluga population de l’est de la baie d’HudsonBirdsReptilesFishCisco, Blackfin (Coregonus nigripinnis)Cisco à nageoires noiresCisco, Shortjaw (Coregonus zenithicus)Cisco à mâchoires égalesCisco, Shortnose (Coregonus reighardi)Cisco à museau courtRedhorse, Black (Moxostoma duquesnei)Chevalier noirRedhorse, Copper (Moxostoma hubbsi)Chevalier cuivréSculpin, Deepwater (Myoxocephalus thompsoni) Great Lakes populationChabot de profondeur des Grands Lacs population des Grands LacsPlants2002, c. 29, Sch. 2; SOR/2005-14, ss. 54 to 60; SOR/2005-224, ss. 33 to 36; SOR/2006-60, s. 3; SOR/2006-189, ss. 27 to 29(Section 130)Special ConcernMammalsBat, Fringed (Myotis thysanodes)Chauve-souris à queue frangéeBat, Keen’s Long-eared (Myotis keenii)Chauve-souris de KeenCottontail, Nuttall’s (Sylvilagus nuttallii nuttallii) British Columbia populationLapin de Nuttall population de la Colombie-BritanniqueKangaroo Rat, Ord’s (Dipodomys ordii)Rat kangourou d’OrdMouse, Western Harvest (Reithrodontomys megalotis megalotis) British Columbia populationSouris des moissons population de la Colombie-BritanniqueSeal, Harbour (Phoca vitulina mellonae) Lacs des Loups Marins landlocked populationPhoque commun population confinée aux lacs des Loups MarinsShrew, Gaspé (Sorex gaspensis)Musaraigne de GaspéSquirrel, Southern Flying (Glaucomys volans)Petit polatoucheWhale, Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) Eastern High Arctic/Baffin Bay populationBéluga population de l’Est du haut Arctique et de la baie de BaffinWhale, Sowerby’s Beaked (Mesoplodon bidens)Baleine à bec de SowerbyBirdsFalcon, Tundra Peregrine (Falco peregrinus tundrius)Faucon pèlerin, toundraHawk, Ferruginous (Buteo regalis)Buse rouilleuseHawk, Red-shouldered (Buteo lineatus)Buse à épaulettesHeron, Pacific Great Blue (Ardea herodias fannini)Grand héron population de la côte du PacifiqueOwl, Short-eared (Asio flammeus)Hibou des maraisThrush, Bicknell’s (Catharus bicknelli)Grive de BicknellWaterthrush, Louisiana (Seiurus motacilla)Paruline hochequeueWoodpecker, Red-headed (Melanerpes erythrocephalus)Pic à tête rougeAmphibiansReptilesLizard, Eastern Short-horned (Phrynosoma douglassii brevirostre)Phrynosome de Douglas de l’EstSkink, Five-lined (Eumeces fasciatus)Scinque pentaligneTurtle, Wood (Clemmys insculpta)Tortue des boisFishBuffalo, Bigmouth (Ictiobus cyprinellus)Buffalo à grande boucheBuffalo, Black (Ictiobus niger)Buffalo noirCisco, Spring (Coregonus sp.)Cisco de printempsCod, Atlantic (Gadus morhua)Morue francheDace, Redside (Clinostomus elongatus)Méné longDace, Umatilla (Rhinichthys umatilla)Naseux d’UmatillaDarter, Greenside (Etheostoma blennioides)Dard vertKiyi (Coregonus kiyi)KiyiLamprey, Chestnut (Ichthyomyzon castaneus)Lamproie bruneLamprey, Northern Brook (Ichthyomyzon fossor)Lamproie du NordRedhorse, River (Moxostoma carinatum)Chevalier de rivièreSculpin, Fourhorn (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) Freshwater formChaboisseau à quatre cornes forme d’eau douceShiner, Bigmouth (Notropis dorsalis)Méné à grande boucheShiner, Silver (Notropis photogenis)Méné miroirStickleback, Charlotte Unarmoured (Gasterosteus aculeatus)Épinoche lisse des îles de la Reine-CharlotteStickleback, Giant (Gasterosteus sp.)Épinoche géanteSturgeon, Shortnose (Acipenser brevirostrum)Esturgeon à museau courtSunfish, Orangespotted (Lepomis humilis)Crapet menuSunfish, Redbreast (Lepomis auritus)Crapet rougeWhitefish, Squanga (Coregonus sp.)Corégone du SquangaPlantsAster, Bathurst (Symphyotrichum subulatum) Bathurst populationAster subulé population de BathurstBulrush, Long’s (Scirpus longii)Scirpe de LongColumbo, American (Frasera caroliniensis)Frasère de CarolineFern, Broad Beech (Phegopteris hexagonoptera)Phégoptéride à hexagonesFleabane, Provancher’s (Erigeron philadelphicus ssp. provancheri)Vergerette de ProvancherGoosefoot, Smooth (Chenopodium subglabrum)Chénopode glabreGreen Dragon (Arisaema dracontium)Arisème dragonHelleborine, Giant (Epipactis gigantea)Épipactis géantLocoweed, Hare-footed (Oxytropis lagopus)Oxytrope patte-de-lièvreOak, Shumard (Quercus shumardii)Chêne de ShumardQuillwort, Bolander’s (Isoëtes bolanderi)Isoète de BolanderLichensCryptic Paw (Nephroma occultum)Lichen cryptiqueOldgrowth Specklebelly (Pseudocyphellaria rainierensis)Pseudocyphellie des forêts surannéesSeaside Bone (Hypogymnia heterophylla)Hypogymnie maritime2002, c. 29, Sch. 3; SOR/2005-14, ss. 61 to 65; SOR/2005-224, ss. 37 to 40; SOR/2006-60, s. 4; SOR/2006-189, ss. 30 to 35SOR/2026-372026-02-26SOR/2025-1572025-07-302024, c. 302024-11-27SOR/2024-1352024-06-17SOR/2024-1232024-06-10SOR/2023-2632023-12-08SOR/2023-162023-02-03SOR/2023-172023-02-03SOR/2022-142022-02-03SOR/2021-2052021-08-12