An Act respecting broadcasting and to amend certain Acts in relation thereto and in relation to radiocommunicationBroadcasting ActBroadcasting19912
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B-9.01111991Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows:Short Title
Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Broadcasting Act.
GeneralInterpretation
DefinitionsIn this Act,affiliate, in relation to any person, means any other person who controls that first person, or who is controlled by that first person or by a third person who also controls the first person; (affilié)barrier has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Accessible Canada Act; (obstacle)broadcasting means any transmission of programs — regardless of whether the transmission is scheduled or on demand or whether the programs are encrypted or not — by radio waves or other means of telecommunication for reception by the public by means of broadcasting receiving apparatus, but does not include any such transmission of programs that is made solely for performance or display in a public place; (radiodiffusion)broadcasting receiving apparatus means a device, or combination of devices, intended for or capable of being used for the reception of broadcasting; (récepteur)broadcasting undertaking includes a distribution undertaking, an online undertaking, a programming undertaking and a network; (entreprise de radiodiffusion)Commission means the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission established by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission Act; (Conseil)community element includes the element of the Canadian broadcasting system as part of which members of a community participate in the production of programs that are in a language used in the community including a not-for-profit broadcasting undertaking that is managed by a board of directors elected by the community; (élément communautaire)control, in the definition affiliate, in paragraph 9.1(1)(m) and in subparagraph 9.1(1)(n)(i), includes control in fact, whether or not through one or more persons; (contrôle)Corporation means the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation continued by section 36; (Société)decision includes a determination made by the Commission in any form; (décision)distribution undertaking means an undertaking for the reception of broadcasting and its retransmission by radio waves or other means of telecommunication to more than one permanent or temporary residence or dwelling unit or to another such undertaking, but does not include such an undertaking that is an online undertaking; (entreprise de distribution)encrypted means treated electronically or otherwise for the purpose of preventing intelligible reception; (encodage)Indigenous peoples has the meaning assigned by the definition aboriginal peoples of Canada in subsection 35(2) of the Constitution Act, 1982; (peuples autochtones)licence means a licence to carry on a broadcasting undertaking issued by the Commission under this Act; (licence)Minister means such member of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada as is designated by the Governor in Council as the Minister for the purposes of this Act; (ministre)network includes any operation where control over all or any part of the programs or program schedules of one or more broadcasting undertakings is delegated to another undertaking or person, but does not include such an operation that is an online undertaking; (réseau)official language minority community means English-speaking communities in Quebec and French-speaking communities outside Quebec; (communauté de langue officielle en situation minoritaire)online undertaking means an undertaking for the transmission or retransmission of programs over the Internet for reception by the public by means of broadcasting receiving apparatus; (entreprise en ligne)program means sounds or visual images, or a combination of sounds and visual images, that are intended to inform, enlighten or entertain, but does not include visual images, whether or not combined with sounds, that consist predominantly of alphanumeric text; (émission)programming control means control over the selection of programs for transmission, but does not include control over the selection of a programming service for retransmission; (contrôle de la programmation)programming undertaking means an undertaking for the transmission of programs, either directly by radio waves or other means of telecommunication or indirectly through a distribution undertaking, for reception by the public by means of broadcasting receiving apparatus, but does not include such an undertaking that is an online undertaking; (entreprise de programmation)radio waves means electromagnetic waves of frequencies lower than 3 000 GHz that are propagated in space without artificial guide; (ondes radioélectriques)temporary network operation means a network operation with respect to a particular program or a series of programs that extends over a period not exceeding sixty days. (exploitation temporaire d’un réseau)Meaning of other means of telecommunicationFor the purposes of this Act, other means of telecommunication means any wire, cable, radio, optical or other electromagnetic system, or any similar technical system.Exclusion — carrying on broadcasting undertakingA person who uses a social media service to upload programs for transmission over the Internet and reception by other users of the service — and who is not the provider of the service or the provider’s affiliate, or the agent or mandatary of either of them — does not, by the fact of that use, carry on a broadcasting undertaking for the purposes of this Act.Exclusion — social media service and programming controlAn online undertaking that provides a social media service does not, for the purposes of this Act, exercise programming control over programs uploaded by a user of the service who is not the provider of the service or the provider’s affiliate, or the agent or mandatary of either of them.Exclusion — certain transmissions over the InternetA person does not carry on an online undertaking for the purposes of this Act in respect of a transmission of programs over the Internetthat is ancillary to a business not primarily engaged in the transmission of programs to the public and that is intended to provide clients with information or services directly related to that business;that is part of the operations of a primary or secondary school, a college, university or other institution of higher learning, a public library or a museum; orthat is part of the operations of a theatre, concert hall or other venue for the presentation of live performing arts.InterpretationThis Act shall be construed and applied in a manner that is consistent withthe freedom of expression and journalistic, creative and programming independence enjoyed by broadcasting undertakings and creators;the commitment of the Government of Canada to enhance the vitality of English and French linguistic minority communities in Canada and to support and assist their development, taking into account their uniqueness, diversity and historical and cultural contributions to Canadian society, as well as to foster the full recognition and use of both English and French in Canadian society;the commitment of the Government of Canada to enhance the vitality of official language minority communities and to support and assist their development, as well as to foster the full recognition and use of both English and French in Canadian society.1991, c. 11, s. 2; 1993, c. 38, s. 81; 1995, c. 11, s. 432023, c. 8, s. 22023, c. 15, s. 70
Broadcasting Policy for Canada
DeclarationIt is hereby declared as the broadcasting policy for Canada thatthe Canadian broadcasting system shall be effectively owned and controlled by Canadians, and it is recognized that it includes foreign broadcasting undertakings that provide programming to Canadians;each broadcasting undertaking shall contribute to the implementation of the objectives of the broadcasting policy set out in this subsection in a manner that is appropriate in consideration of the nature of the services provided by the undertaking;the Canadian broadcasting system, operating primarily in the English and French languages and comprising public, private and community elements, makes use of radio frequencies that are public property and provides, through its programming, a public service essential to the maintenance and enhancement of national identity and cultural sovereignty;while sharing common aspects, English and French language broadcasting operate under different conditions — in particular, the minority context of French in North America — and may have different requirements;the Canadian broadcasting system shouldserve to safeguard, enrich and strengthen the cultural, political, social and economic fabric of Canada,encourage the development of Canadian expression by providing a wide range of programming that reflects Canadian attitudes, opinions, ideas, values and artistic creativity, by displaying Canadian talent in entertainment programming and by offering information and analysis concerning Canada and other countries from a Canadian point of view, and foster an environment that encourages the development and export of Canadian programs globally,through its programming and the employment opportunities arising out of its operations, serve the needs and interests of all Canadians — including Canadians from Black or other racialized communities and Canadians of diverse ethnocultural backgrounds, socio-economic statuses, abilities and disabilities, sexual orientations, gender identities and expressions, and ages — and reflect their circumstances and aspirations, including equal rights, the linguistic duality and multicultural and multiracial nature of Canadian society and the special place of Indigenous peoples and languages within that society,provide opportunities to Indigenous persons to produce programming in Indigenous languages, English or French, or in any combination of them, and to carry on broadcasting undertakings,provide opportunities to Black and other racialized persons in Canada by taking into account their specific needs and interests, namely, by supporting the production and broadcasting of original programs by and for Black and other racialized communities,support the production and broadcasting of original French language programs,enhance the vitality of official language minority communities in Canada and support and assist their development by taking into account their specific needs and interests, including through supporting the production and broadcasting of original programs by and for those communities,support community broadcasting that reflects both the diversity of the communities being served, including with respect to the languages in use within those communities and to their ethnocultural and Indigenous composition, and the high engagement and involvement in community broadcasting by members of those communities, including with respect to matters of public concern,ensure that Canadian independent broadcasting undertakings continue to be able to play a vital role within that system,support the production and broadcasting of programs in a diversity of languages that reflect Black and other racialized communities and the diversity of the ethnocultural composition of Canadian society, including through broadcasting undertakings that are carried on by Canadians from Black or other racialized communities and diverse ethnocultural backgrounds,provide opportunities to Canadians from Black or other racialized communities and diverse ethnocultural backgrounds to produce and broadcast programs by and for those communities,promote innovation and be readily adaptable to scientific and technological change,reflect and be responsive to the preferences and interests of various audiences, andensure freedom of expression and journalistic independence;each element of the Canadian broadcasting system shall contribute in an appropriate manner to the creation and presentation of Canadian programming;each Canadian broadcasting undertaking shall employ and make maximum use, and in no case less than predominant use, of Canadian creative and other human resources in the creation, production and presentation of programming, unless the nature of the service provided by the undertaking, such as specialized content or format or the use of languages other than French and English, renders that use impracticable, in which case the undertaking shall make the greatest practicable use of those resources;each foreign online undertaking shall make the greatest practicable use of Canadian creative and other human resources, and shall contribute in an equitable manner to strongly support the creation, production and presentation of Canadian programming, taking into account the linguistic duality of the market they serve;the programming over which a person who carries on a broadcasting undertaking has programming control should be of high standard;all persons who carry on broadcasting undertakings have a responsibility for the programs that they broadcast and over which they have programming control;the programming provided by the Canadian broadcasting system shouldbe varied and comprehensive, providing a balance of information, enlightenment and entertainment for people of all ages, interests and tastes,reflect and support Canada’s linguistic duality by placing significant importance on the creation, production and broadcasting of original French language programs, including those from French linguistic minority communities,be drawn from local, regional, national and international sources, including, at the local level, from community broadcasters who, through collaboration with local organizations and community members, are in the unique position of being able to provide varied programming to meet the needs of specific audiences,include programs produced by Canadians that cover news and current events — from the local and regional to the national and international — and that reflect the viewpoints of Canadians, including the viewpoints of Indigenous persons and of Canadians from Black or other racialized communities and diverse ethnocultural backgrounds,reflect the importance of Indigenous language revitalization by supporting the production and broadcasting of Indigenous language programming, in accordance with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and in response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada’s Calls to Action,include educational and community programs,provide a reasonable opportunity for the public to be exposed to the expression of differing views on matters of public concern and to directly participate in public dialogue on those matters including through the community element, andinclude a significant contribution from the Canadian independent production sector;educational programming, particularly where provided through the facilities of an independent educational authority, is an integral part of the Canadian broadcasting system;a range of broadcasting services in English and in French shall be extended to all Canadians;the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, as the national public broadcaster, should provide broadcasting services incorporating a wide range of programming that informs, enlightens and entertains;the programming provided by the Corporation shouldbe predominantly and distinctively Canadian,reflect Canada and its regions to national and regional audiences, while serving the special needs of those regions,actively contribute to the flow and exchange of cultural expression,be in English and in French, reflecting the different needs and circumstances of each official language community, including the specific needs and interests of official language minority communities,strive to be of equivalent quality in English and in French,contribute to shared national consciousness and identity,be made available throughout Canada by the most appropriate and efficient means and as resources become available for the purpose, andreflect the multicultural and multiracial nature of Canada;where any conflict arises between the objectives of the Corporation set out in paragraphs (l) and (m) and the interests of any other broadcasting undertaking of the Canadian broadcasting system, it shall be resolved in the public interest, and where the public interest would be equally served by resolving the conflict in favour of either, it shall be resolved in favour of the objectives set out in paragraphs (l) and (m);programming that reflects the Indigenous cultures of Canada and programming that is in Indigenous languages should be provided — including through broadcasting undertakings that are carried on by Indigenous persons — within community elements, which are positioned to serve smaller and remote communities, and other elements of the Canadian broadcasting system in order to serve Indigenous peoples where they live;programming that is accessible without barriers to persons with disabilities should be provided within the Canadian broadcasting system, including through community broadcasting, as well as the opportunity for them to develop their own content and voices;programming that is accessible without barriers to persons with disabilities should be provided within the Canadian broadcasting system, including without limitation, closed captioning services and described video services available to assist persons living with a visual or auditory impairment;online undertakings that provide the programming services of other broadcasting undertakings shouldensure the discoverability of Canadian programming services and original Canadian programs, including original French language programs, in an equitable proportion,when programming services are supplied to them by other broadcasting undertakings under contractual arrangements, provide reasonable terms for the carriage, packaging and retailing of those programming services, andensure the delivery of programming at affordable rates;online undertakings shall clearly promote and recommend Canadian programming, in both official languages as well as in Indigenous languages, and ensure that any means of control of the programming generates results allowing its discovery;the programming provided by the community element shouldbe innovative and complementary to the programming provided for mass audiences,cater to tastes and interests not adequately provided for by the programming provided for mass audiences and include programs devoted to culture, politics, history, health and public safety, local news and current events, local economy and the arts,reflect Canada’s communities, regions, Indigenous and multicultural nature, including through third-language programming,support new and emerging Canadian creative talent, as a cost-effective venue for learning new skills, taking risks and exchanging ideas,through community participation, strengthen the democratic process and support local journalism, andbe available throughout Canada so that all Canadians can engage in dialogue on matters of public concern; anddistribution undertakingsshould give priority to the carriage of Canadian programming services and, in particular, to the carriage of local Canadian stations,should provide efficient delivery of programming at affordable rates, using the most effective technologies available at reasonable cost,should, where programming services are supplied to them by broadcasting undertakings pursuant to contractual arrangements, provide reasonable terms for the carriage, packaging and retailing of those programming services, andmay, where the Commission considers it appropriate, originate programming, including local programming, on such terms as are conducive to the achievement of the objectives of the broadcasting policy set out in this subsection, and in particular provide access for underserved linguistic and cultural minority communities.Further declarationIt is further declared that the Canadian broadcasting system constitutes a single system and that the objectives of the broadcasting policy set out in subsection (1) can best be achieved by providing for the regulation and supervision of the Canadian broadcasting system by a single independent public authority.1991, c. 11, s. 32023, c. 8, s. 3
Application
Binding on Her MajestyThis Act is binding on Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province.Application generallyThis Act applies in respect of broadcasting undertakings carried on in whole or in part within Canada or on boardany ship, vessel or aircraft that isregistered or licensed under an Act of Parliament, orowned by, or under the direction or control of, Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province;any spacecraft that is under the direction or control ofHer Majesty in right of Canada or a province,a citizen or resident of Canada, ora corporation incorporated or resident in Canada; orany platform, rig, structure or formation that is affixed or attached to land situated in the continental shelf of Canada.For greater certaintyFor greater certainty, this Act applies in respect of broadcasting undertakings whether or not they are carried on for profit or as part of, or in connection with, any other undertaking or activity.IdemFor greater certainty, this Act does not apply to any telecommunications common carrier, as defined in the Telecommunications Act, when acting solely in that capacity.Operators of digital news intermediariesFor greater certainty, this Act does not apply to the operator of a digital news intermediary in respect of which the Online News Act applies when the operator acts solely in that capacity. In this subsection, digital news intermediary and operator have the same meanings as in subsection 2(1) of that Act.1991, c. 11, s. 4; 1993, c. 38, s. 82; 1996, c. 31, s. 572023, c. 23, s. 91
Non-application — programs on social media serviceThis Act does not apply in respect of a program that is uploaded to an online undertaking that provides a social media service by a user of the service for transmission over the Internet and reception by other users of the service.Application — certain programsDespite subsection (1), this Act applies in respect of a program that is uploaded as described in that subsection if the programis uploaded to the social media service by the provider of the service or the provider’s affiliate, or by the agent or mandatary of either of them; oris prescribed by regulations made under section 4.2.Non-application — social media serviceThis Act does not apply in respect of online undertakings whose broadcasting consists only of programs in respect of which this Act does not apply under this section.For greater certaintyFor greater certainty, this section does not exclude the application of this Act in respect of a program that, except for the fact that it is not uploaded as described in subsection (1), is the same as a program in respect of which this Act does not apply under this section.2023, c. 8, s. 4
Regulations — programs to which this Act appliesFor the purposes of paragraph 4.1(2)(b), the Commission may make regulations prescribing programs in respect of which this Act applies, in a manner that is consistent with freedom of expression.MattersIn making regulations under subsection (1), the Commission shall consider the following matters:the extent to which a program, uploaded to an online undertaking that provides a social media service, directly or indirectly generates revenues;the fact that such a program has been broadcast, in whole or in part, by a broadcasting undertaking thatis required to be carried on under a licence, oris required to be registered with the Commission but does not provide a social media service; andthe fact that such a program has been assigned a unique identifier under an international standards system.ExclusionThe regulations shall not prescribe a programin respect of which neither the user of a social media service who uploads the program nor the owner or licensee of copyright in the program receives revenues; orthat consists only of visual images.2023, c. 8, s. 4
Objects and Powers of the Commission in Relation to BroadcastingObjects
ObjectsSubject to this Act and the Radiocommunication Act and to any directions to the Commission issued by the Governor in Council under this Act, the Commission shall regulate and supervise all aspects of the Canadian broadcasting system with a view to implementing the broadcasting policy set out in subsection 3(1) and, in so doing, shall have regard to the regulatory policy set out in subsection (2).Regulatory policyThe Canadian broadcasting system should be regulated and supervised in a flexible manner thattakes into account the different characteristics of English, French and Indigenous language broadcasting and the different conditions under which broadcasting undertakings that provide English, French or Indigenous language programming operate — including the minority context of French in North America — and the specific needs and interests of official language minority communities in Canada and of Indigenous peoples;takes into account the nature and diversity of the services provided by broadcasting undertakings, as well as their size, their impact on the Canadian creation and production industry, particularly with respect to employment in Canada and Canadian programming, their contribution to the implementation of the broadcasting policy set out in subsection 3(1) and any other characteristic that may be relevant in the circumstances;ensures that any broadcasting undertaking that cannot make maximum or predominant use of Canadian creative and other human resources in the creation, production and presentation of programming contributes to those Canadian resources in an equitable manner;takes into account regional needs and concerns;promotes innovation and is readily adaptable to scientific and technological change;facilitates the provision of broadcasting to Canadians;facilitates the provision to Canadians of Canadian programs created and produced in both official languages, including those created and produced by official language minority communities in Canada, as well as in Indigenous languages;facilitates the provision of programs that are accessible without barriers to persons with disabilities;facilitates the provision to Canadians of programs created and produced by members of Black or other racialized communities;does not inhibit the development of information technologies and their application or the delivery of resultant services to Canadians;is sensitive to the administrative burden that, as a consequence of such regulation and supervision, may be imposed on persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings;protects the privacy of individuals who are members of the audience for programs broadcast by broadcasting undertakings; andtakes into account the variety of broadcasting undertakings to which this Act applies and avoids imposing obligations on any class of broadcasting undertakings if that imposition will not contribute in a material manner to the implementation of the broadcasting policy set out in subsection 3(1).ConflictThe Commission shall give primary consideration to the objectives of the broadcasting policy set out in subsection 3(1) if, in any particular matter before the Commission, a conflict arises between those objectives and the objectives of the regulatory policy set out in subsection (2).Employment equityWhere a broadcasting undertaking is subject to the Employment Equity Act, the powers granted to the Commission under this Act do not extend to the regulation or supervision of matters concerning employment equity in relation to that broadcasting undertaking.1991, c. 11, s. 5; 1995, c. 44, s. 462023, c. 8, s. 5
Official language minority communitiesIn regulating and supervising the Canadian broadcasting system and exercising its powers under this Act, the Commission shall enhance the vitality of official language minority communities in Canada and support and assist their development.2023, c. 8, s. 6
ConsultationThe Commission shall consult with official language minority communities in Canada when making decisions that could adversely affect them.Objectives of consultationsWhen engaging in consultations required by subsection (1), the Commission shallgather information to test its policies, decisions and initiatives;propose policies, decisions and initiatives that have not been finalized;seek the communities’ opinions with regard to the policies, decisions or initiatives that are the subject of the consultations;provide them with all relevant information on which those policies, decisions or initiatives are based;openly and meaningfully consider those opinions;be prepared to alter those policies, decisions or initiatives; andprovide the communities with feedback, both during the consultation process and after a decision has been made.2023, c. 8, s. 6
Policy guidelines and statementsThe Commission may from time to time issue guidelines and statements with respect to any matter within its jurisdiction under this Act, but no such guidelines or statements issued by the Commission are binding on the Commission.
Policy directionsSubject to subsection (2) and section 8, the Governor in Council may, by order, issue to the Commission directions of general application on broad policy matters with respect toany of the objectives of the broadcasting policy set out in subsection 3(1); orany of the objectives of the regulatory policy set out in subsection 5(2).ExceptionNo order may be made under subsection (1) in respect of the issuance of a licence to a particular person or in respect of the amendment, renewal, suspension or revocation of a particular licence.Directions bindingAn order made under subsection (1) is binding on the Commission beginning on the day on which the order comes into force and, subject to subsection (4), shall, if it so provides, apply with respect to any matter pending before the Commission on that day.ExceptionNo order made under subsection (1) may apply with respect to a licensing matter pending before the Commission where the period for the filing of interventions in the matter has expired unless that period expired more than one year before the coming into force of the order.Publication and tablingA copy of each order made under subsection (1) shall be laid before each House of Parliament on any of the first fifteen days on which that House is sitting after the making of the order.ConsultationThe Minister shall consult with the Commission before the Governor in Council makes an order under subsection (1).
Procedure for issuance of policy directionsWhere the Governor in Council proposes to make an order under section 7, the Minister shall cause the proposed order to bepublished by notice in the Canada Gazette, which notice shall invite interested persons to make representations to the Minister with respect to the proposed order; andlaid before each House of Parliament.RepresentationsThe Minister shallspecify in the notice the period — of at least 30 days from the day on which the notice was published under paragraph (1)(a) — during which interested persons may make representations; andpublish the representations that are made during that period.Implementation of proposalThe Governor in Council may, after the period referred to in paragraph (2)(a) has ended and the proposed order has been laid before each House of Parliament, implement the proposal by making an order under section 7, either in the form proposed or revised in the manner that the Governor in Council considers appropriate.ConsultationThe Minister shall consult with the Commission before a proposed order is published or is laid before a House of Parliament under subsection (1).[Repealed, 2023, c. 8, s. 7]1991, c. 11, s. 82023, c. 8, s. 7
General Powers
Licences, etc.Subject to this Part, the Commission may, in furtherance of its objects,establish classes of licences other than for online undertakings;issue a licence, the term of which may be indefinite or fixed by the Commission;amend a licence as to its term, on the application of the licensee;amend a licence other than as to its term, on the application of the licensee or on the Commission’s own motion;renew a licence, the term of which may be indefinite or fixed by the Commission; andsuspend or revoke a licence.[Repealed, 2023, c. 8, s. 8][Repealed, 2023, c. 8, s. 8][Repealed, 2023, c. 8, s. 8][Repealed, 2023, c. 8, s. 8]ExemptionsThe Commission shall, by order, on the terms and conditions that it considers appropriate, exempt persons who carry on broadcasting undertakings of any class specified in the order from any or all of the requirements of this Part, of an order made under section 9.1 or of a regulation made under this Part if the Commission is satisfied that compliance with those requirements will not contribute in a material manner to the implementation of the broadcasting policy set out in subsection 3(1).Repeal or amendmentThe Commission shall repeal or amend an exemption order made under subsection (4) if the Commission considers that doing so will contribute in a material manner to the implementation of the broadcasting policy set out in subsection 3(1).1991, c. 11, s. 9; 1994, c. 26, s. 10(F)2023, c. 8, s. 8
ConditionsThe Commission may, in furtherance of its objects, make orders imposing conditions on the carrying on of broadcasting undertakings that the Commission considers appropriate for the implementation of the broadcasting policy set out in subsection 3(1), including conditions respectingthe proportion of programs to be broadcast that shall be Canadian programs and the proportion of time that shall be devoted to the broadcasting of Canadian programs;the proportion of Canadian programs to be broadcast that shall be original French language programs, including first-run programs;the proportion of programs to be broadcast that shall be original French language programs;the proportion of programs to be broadcast that shall be devoted to specific genres, in order to ensure the diversity of programming;the presentation of programs and programming services for selection by the public, including the showcasing and the discoverability of Canadian programs and programming services, such as original French language programs;a requirement for a person carrying on a broadcasting undertaking, other than an online undertaking, to obtain the approval of the Commission before entering into any contract with a telecommunications common carrier, as defined in the Telecommunications Act, for the distribution of programming directly to the public;a requirement for a person carrying on a distribution undertaking to give priority to the carriage of broadcasting;a requirement for a person carrying on a distribution undertaking to carry, on the terms and conditions that the Commission considers appropriate, programming services, specified by the Commission, that are provided by a broadcasting undertaking;a requirement, without terms or conditions, for a person carrying on an online undertaking that provides the programming services of other broadcasting undertakings in a manner that is similar to a distribution undertaking to carry programming services, specified by the Commission, that are provided by a broadcasting undertaking;terms and conditions of service in contracts between distribution undertakings and their subscribers;access by persons with disabilities to programming, including the identification, prevention and removal of barriers to such access;the carriage of emergency messages;any change in the ownership or control of a broadcasting undertaking that is required to be carried on under a licence;the provision to the Commission, by licensees or persons exempt from the requirement to hold a licence under an order made under subsection 9(4), of information related tothe ownership, governance and control of those licensees or exempt persons, andthe affiliation of those licensees or exempt persons with any affiliates carrying on broadcasting undertakings;the provision to the Commission, by persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings, of any other information that the Commission considers necessary for the administration of this Act, includingfinancial or commercial information,information related to programming,information related to expenditures made under section 11.1, andinformation related to audience measurement, other than information that could identify any individual audience member; andcontinued ownership and control by Canadians of Canadian broadcasting undertakings.ApplicationAn order made under this section may be made applicable to all persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings, to all persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings of any class established by the Commission in the order or to a particular person carrying on a broadcasting undertaking.Non-applicationThe Statutory Instruments Act does not apply to orders made under this section.Publication and representationsA copy of each order that the Commission proposes to make under this section shall be published on the Commission’s website and a reasonable opportunity shall be given to persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings and other interested persons to make representations to the Commission with respect to the proposed order.PublicationThe Commission shall publish each order that is made under this section on its website.Programming controlOrders made under any of paragraphs (1)(a) to (d) apply only in respect of programs over which a person who carries on a broadcasting undertaking has programming control.Canadian original French language programsIn making an order under paragraph (1)(c), the Commission shall ensure that Canadian original French language programs represent a significant proportion of the original French language programs to be broadcast.Restriction — computer algorithm or source codeThe Commission shall not make an order under paragraph (1)(e) that would require the use of a specific computer algorithm or source code.Good faith negotiationThe person carrying on an online undertaking to whom an order made under paragraph (1)(i) applies and the person carrying on the broadcasting undertaking whose programming services are specified in the order shall negotiate the terms for the carriage of the programming services in good faith.FacilitationThe Commission may facilitate those negotiations at the request of either party to the negotiations.2023, c. 8, s. 9
Regulations generallyThe Commission may, in furtherance of its objects, make regulations[Repealed, 2023, c. 8, s. 10]prescribing what constitutes a Canadian program for the purposes of this Act;respecting standards for programs over which a person carrying on a broadcasting undertaking has programming control and the allocation of broadcasting time, for the purpose of giving effect to the broadcasting policy set out in subsection 3(1);respecting the character of advertising and the amount of broadcasting time that may be devoted to advertising;respecting, in relation to a broadcasting undertaking other than an online undertaking, the proportion of time that may be devoted to the broadcasting of programs, including advertisements or announcements, of a partisan political character and the assignment of that time on an equitable basis to political parties and candidates;prescribing the conditions for the operation of programming undertakings as part of a network and for the broadcasting of network programs, and respecting the broadcasting times to be reserved for network programs by any such undertakings;respecting the carriage of any foreign or other programming services by distribution undertakings;for resolving, by way of mediation or otherwise, any disputes arising between programming undertakings and distribution undertakings concerning the carriage of programming originated by the programming undertakings;respecting unjust discrimination by a person carrying on a broadcasting undertaking and undue or unreasonable preference given, or undue or unreasonable disadvantage imposed, by such a person;respecting the registration of broadcasting undertakings with the Commission;respecting the audit or examination of records and books of account of persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings by the Commission or persons acting on behalf of the Commission; andrespecting such other matters as it deems necessary for the furtherance of its objects.Regulations — Canadian programsIn making regulations under paragraph (1)(b), the Commission shall consider the following matters:whether Canadians, including independent producers, have a right or interest in relation to a program, including copyright, that allows them to control and benefit in a significant and equitable manner from the exploitation of the program;whether key creative positions in the production of a program are primarily held by Canadians;whether a program furthers Canadian artistic and cultural expression;the extent to which persons carrying on online undertakings or programming undertakings collaborate with independent Canadian producers, with persons carrying on Canadian broadcasting undertakings producing their own programs, with producers associated with Canadian broadcasting undertakings or with any other person involved in the Canadian program production industry, including Canadian owners of copyright in musical works or in sound recordings; andany other matter that may be prescribed by regulation.RegulationsThe Governor in Council may make regulations prescribing matters that the Commission is required to consider under paragraph (1.1)(e).ApplicationA regulation made under subsection (1) may be made applicable to all persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings or to all persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings of any class established by the Commission in the regulation.Publication and representationsA copy of each regulation that the Commission proposes to make under subsection (1) shall be published in the Canada Gazette and a reasonable opportunity shall be given to persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings and other interested persons to make representations to the Commission with respect to the regulation.1991, c. 11, s. 102023, c. 8, s. 10
For greater certaintyFor greater certainty, the Commission shall make orders under subsection 9.1(1) and regulations under subsection 10(1) in a manner that is consistent with the freedom of expression enjoyed by users of social media services that are provided by online undertakings.2023, c. 8, s. 11
Regulations respecting licence feesThe Commission may make regulationswith the approval of the Treasury Board, establishing schedules of fees to be paid by persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings of any class;providing for the establishment of classes of broadcasting undertakings for the purposes of paragraph (a);providing for the payment of any fees payable by a person carrying on a broadcasting undertaking, including the time and manner of payment;respecting the interest payable by such a person in respect of any overdue fee; andrespecting such other matters as it deems necessary for the purposes of this section.CriteriaRegulations made under paragraph (1)(a) may provide for fees to be calculated by reference to any criteria that the Commission considers appropriate, including by reference tothe revenues of the persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings;the performance of the persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings in relation to objectives established by the Commission, including objectives for the broadcasting of Canadian programs; andthe market served by the persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings.ExceptionsNo regulations made under subsection (1) shall apply to the Corporation or to persons carrying on programming undertakings on behalf of Her Majesty in right of a province.Restriction — non-licenseesThe only fees that may be established with respect to a broadcasting undertaking shall be fees that relate to the recovery of the costs of the Commission’s activities under this Act.Debt due to Her MajestyFees payable under this section and any interest in respect of them constitute a debt due to Her Majesty in right of Canada and may be recovered as such in any court of competent jurisdiction.Publication and representationsA copy of each regulation that the Commission proposes to make under this section shall be published in the Canada Gazette and a reasonable opportunity shall be given to persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings and other interested persons to make representations to the Commission with respect to the regulation.1991, c. 11, s. 112023, c. 8, s. 12
Regulations — expendituresThe Commission may make regulations respecting expenditures to be made by persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings for the purposes ofdeveloping, financing, producing or promoting Canadian audio or audio-visual programs, including independent productions, for broadcasting by broadcasting undertakings;supporting, promoting or training Canadian creators of audio or audio-visual programs for broadcasting by broadcasting undertakings;supporting broadcasting undertakings offering programming services that, in the Commission’s opinion, are of exceptional importance to the achievement of the objectives of the broadcasting policy set out in subsection 3(1);supporting participation by persons, groups of persons or organizations representing the public interest in proceedings before the Commission under this Act; orsupporting the development of initiatives — including tools — that, in the Commission’s opinion, are efficient and necessary for the achievement of the objectives of the broadcasting policy set out in subsection 3(1).Order — particular broadcasting undertakingThe Commission may make an order respecting expenditures to be made by a particular person carrying on a broadcasting undertaking for any of the purposes set out in paragraphs (1)(a) to (d).Minimum expenditures — French language original programsRegulations and orders made under this section for the purposes set out in paragraph (1)(a) shall prescribe the minimum share of expenditures that are to be allocated to Canadian original French language programs in the case of broadcasting undertakings that offer programs in both official languages.Application of regulationsA regulation made under this section may be made applicable to all persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings or to all persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings of any class established by the Commission in the regulation.RecipientsRegulations and orders made under this section may provide that an expenditure is to be paid to any person or organization, other than the Commission, or into any fund, other than a fund administered by the Commission.CriteriaRegulations and orders made under this section may provide for expenditures to be calculated by reference to any criteria that the Commission considers appropriate, including by reference tothe revenues of the persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings;the performance of the persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings in relation to objectives established by the Commission, including objectives for the broadcasting of Canadian programs; andthe market served by the persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings.Publication and representationsA copy of each regulation that the Commission proposes to make under this section shall be published in the Canada Gazette and a copy of each proposed order shall be published on the Commission’s website. A reasonable opportunity shall be given to persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings and other interested persons to make representations to the Commission with respect to the regulation or order.Non-applicationThe Statutory Instruments Act does not apply to orders made under subsection (2).2023, c. 8, s. 13
InquiriesThe Commission may inquire into, hear and determine a matter if it appears to the Commission thatany person is contravening or has contravened this Part or any regulation, licence, decision or order made or issued by the Commission under this Part;any person is contravening or has contravened section 34.1;any person is contravening or has contravened sections 42 to 44 of the Accessible Canada Act; orthe circumstances may require the Commission to make any decision or order or to give any approval that it is authorized to make or give under this Part or under any regulation or order made under this Part.Mandatory ordersThe Commission may, by order, require any person to do, without delay or within or at any time and in any manner specified by the Commission, any act or thing that the person is or may be required to do under this Part, under any regulation, licence, decision or order made or issued by the Commission under this Part or under any of sections 42 to 44 of the Accessible Canada Act and may, by order, forbid the doing or continuing of any act or thing that is contrary to this Part, to any such regulation, licence, decision or order, to section 34.1 or to any of sections 42 to 44 of the Accessible Canada Act.Referral to CommissionWhere an inquiry under subsection (1) is heard by a panel established under subsection 20(1) and the panel issues an order pursuant to subsection (2) of this section, any person who is affected by the order may, within thirty days after the making thereof, apply to the Commission to reconsider any decision or finding made by the panel, and the Commission may rescind or vary any order or decision made by the panel or may re-hear any matter before deciding it.1991, c. 11, s. 12; 2014, c. 39, s. 1912019, c. 10, s. 1612023, c. 8, s. 14
Enforcement of mandatory ordersAny order made under subsection 12(2) may be made an order of the Federal Court or of any superior court of a province and is enforceable in the same manner as an order of the court.ProcedureTo make an order under subsection 12(2) an order of a court, the usual practice and procedure of the court in such matters may be followed or, in lieu thereof, the Commission may file with the registrar of the court a certified copy of the order, and thereupon the order becomes an order of the court.Effect of variation or rescissionWhere an order that has been made an order of a court is rescinded or varied by a subsequent order of the Commission, the order of the court shall be deemed to have been cancelled and the subsequent order may, in the same manner, be made an order of the court.
ResearchThe Commission may undertake, sponsor, promote or assist in research relating to any matter within its jurisdiction under this Act and in so doing it shall, wherever appropriate, utilize technical, economic and statistical information and advice from the Corporation or departments or agencies of the Government of Canada.Review of technical mattersThe Commission shall review and consider any technical matter relating to broadcasting referred to the Commission by the Minister and shall make recommendations to the Minister with respect thereto.
Hearings and reportsThe Commission shall, on request of the Governor in Council, hold hearings or make reports on any matter within the jurisdiction of the Commission under this Act.ConsultationThe Minister shall consult with the Commission with regard to any request proposed to be made by the Governor in Council under subsection (1).
Powers respecting hearingsThe Commission has, in respect of any hearing under this Part, with regard to the attendance, swearing and examination of witnesses at the hearing, the production and inspection of documents, the enforcement of its orders, the entry and inspection of property and other matters necessary or proper in relation to the hearing, all such powers, rights and privileges as are vested in a superior court of record.
Authority re questions of fact or lawThe Commission has authority to determine questions of fact or law in relation to any matter within its jurisdiction under this Act.
Hearings and Procedure
Where public hearing requiredExcept where otherwise provided, the Commission shall hold a public hearing in connection withthe issue of a licence, other than a licence to carry on a temporary network operation;the suspension or revocation of a licence;the establishing of any performance objectives for the purposes of paragraphs 11(2)(b) and 11.1(6)(b); andthe making of an order under subsection 12(2).Public hearings — specific mattersThe Commission shall also hold a public hearing in connection with the following matters unless it is satisfied that such a hearing is not required in the public interest:the amendment or renewal of a licence;the making of an order under subsection 9.1(1) or 11.1(2); andthe making of any regulation under this Act.Where public hearing in Commission’s discretionThe Commission may hold a public hearing, make a report, issue any decision and give any approval in connection with any complaint or representation made to the Commission or in connection with any other matter within its jurisdiction under this Act if it is satisfied that it would be in the public interest to do so.Place of hearingA public hearing under this section may be held at such place in Canada as the Chairperson of the Commission may designate.1991, c. 11, s. 18; 2001, c. 34, s. 32(E)2023, c. 8, s. 15
Notice of hearingThe Commission shall cause notice ofany application received by it for the issue, amendment or renewal of a licence, other than a licence to carry on a temporary network operation,any decision made by it to issue, amend or renew a licence, andany public hearing to be held by it under section 18to be published in the Canada Gazette and in one or more newspapers of general circulation within any area affected or likely to be affected by the application, decision or matter to which the public hearing relates.
Panels of CommissionThe Chairperson of the Commission may establish panels, each consisting of not fewer than three members of the Commission, to deal with, hear and determine any matter on behalf of the Commission.Appointments by ChairpersonThe Chairperson of the Commission may appoint members of the Commission to a panel if it is determined that the panel would otherwise have fewer than three members.Exception — conflict of interestMembers of the Commission may participate in any panel, unless this participation would place them in a conflict of interest.PowersA panel that is established under subsection (1) has and may exercise all the powers and may perform all the duties and functions of the Commission in relation to any matter before the panel.DecisionA decision of a majority of the members of a panel established under subsection (1) is a decision of the panel.ConsultationThe members of a panel established under subsection (1) shall consult with the Commission, and may consult with any officer of the Commission, for the purpose of ensuring a consistency of interpretation of the broadcasting policy set out in subsection 3(1), the regulatory policy set out in subsection 5(2), the orders made under section 9.1, the regulations made under sections 10 and 11 and the regulations and orders made under section 11.1.1991, c. 11, s. 20; 2001, c. 34, s. 32(E); 2010, c. 12, s. 17102023, c. 8, s. 16
RulesThe Commission may make rulesrespecting the procedure for making applications for licences, or for the amendment, renewal, suspension or revocation thereof, and for making representations and complaints to the Commission; andrespecting the conduct of hearings and generally respecting the conduct of the business of the Commission in relation to those hearings.1991, c. 11, s. 212023, c. 8, s. 17(F)
Licences
Conditions governing issue, amendment and renewalNo licence shall be issued, amended or renewed under this Partif the issue, amendment or renewal of the licence is in contravention of a direction to the Commission issued by the Governor in Council under subsection 26(1); andsubject to subsection (2), unless the Minister of Industry certifies to the Commission that the applicant for the issue, amendment or renewal of the licencehas satisfied the requirements of the Radiocommunication Act and the regulations made under that Act, andhas been or will be issued a broadcasting certificate with respect to the radio apparatus that the applicant would be entitled to operate under the licence.ExceptionThe requirement set out in paragraph (1)(b) does not apply in respect of radio apparatus, or any class thereof, prescribed under paragraph 6(1)(m) of the Radiocommunication Act.Suspension or revocation of broadcasting certificateNo licence is of any force or effect during any period when the broadcasting certificate issued under the Radiocommunication Act with respect to the radio apparatus that the holder of the licence is entitled to operate under that Act is suspended or revoked.Issue, etc., contravening this sectionAny licence issued, amended or renewed in contravention of this section is of no force or effect.1991, c. 11, s. 22; 1995, c. 1, s. 31
Consultation between Commission and CorporationThe Commission shall, at the request of the Corporation, consult with the Corporation with regard to any conditions that the Commission proposes to impose under subsection 9.1(1) — or with regard to any regulation or order that the Commission proposes to make under section 11.1 — that would apply with respect to the Corporation.Reference to MinisterIf, despite the consultation provided for in subsection (1), the Commission imposes any condition, or makes any regulation or order, referred to in subsection (1) that the Corporation is satisfied would unreasonably impede the Corporation in providing the programming contemplated by paragraphs 3(1)(l) and (m), the Corporation may, within 30 days after the condition is imposed or the regulation or order is made, refer the condition, regulation or order to the Minister for consideration.Ministerial directiveSubject to subsection (4), the Minister may, within 90 days after a condition, regulation or order is referred to the Minister under subsection (2), issue to the Commission a written directive with respect to the condition, regulation or order and the Commission shall comply with any such directive issued by the Minister.ConsultationThe Minister shall consult with the Commission and with the Corporation before issuing a directive under subsection (3).Publication and tabling of directiveA directive issued by the Minister under subsection (3) shall be published forthwith in the Canada Gazette and shall be laid before each House of Parliament on any of the first fifteen days on which that House is sitting after the directive is issued.1991, c. 11, s. 232023, c. 8, s. 18
Conditions governing suspension and revocationNo licence shall be suspended or revoked under this Part unless the licensee applies for or consents to the suspension or revocation or, in any other case, unless, after a public hearing in accordance with section 18, the Commission is satisfied thatthe licensee has contravened any order made under subsection 9.1(1), 11.1(2) or 12(2) or any regulation made under this Part; orthe licence was, at any time within the two years immediately preceding the date of publication in the Canada Gazette of the notice of the public hearing, held by a person to whom the licence could not have been issued at that time by virtue of a direction to the Commission issued by the Governor in Council under this Act.Licences of CorporationNo licence issued to the Corporation that is referred to in the schedule may be suspended or revoked under this Part except on application of or with the consent of the Corporation.Publication of decisionA copy of a decision of the Commission relating to the suspension or revocation of a licence, together with written reasons for the decision, shall, forthwith after the making of the decision, be forwarded by prepaid registered mail to all persons who were heard at or made any oral representations in connection with the hearing held under subsection (1), and a summary of the decision and of the reasons for the decision shall, at the same time, be published in the Canada Gazette and in one or more newspapers of general circulation within any area affected or likely to be affected by the decision.1991, c. 11, s. 242023, c. 8, s. 19
Report of contravention by CorporationIf the Commission is satisfied, after a public hearing on the matter, that the Corporation has contravened section 31.1, any order made under subsection 9.1(1), 11.1(2) or 12(2) or any regulation made under this Part, the Commission shall forward to the Minister a report setting out the circumstances of the contravention, the findings of the Commission and any observations or recommendations of the Commission in connection with the contravention.Report to be tabledThe Minister shall cause a copy of the report referred to in subsection (1) to be laid before each House of Parliament on any of the first fifteen days on which that House is sitting after the report is received by the Minister.1991, c. 11, s. 252023, c. 8, s. 20
Provision of Information by Commission
Minister or Chief StatisticianThe Commission shall, on request, provide the Minister or the Chief Statistician of Canada with any information submitted to the Commission in respect of a broadcasting undertaking.2023, c. 8, s. 21
Access to informationSubject to section 25.3, the Commission shall proactively make available for public inspection any information submitted to the Commission in the course of proceedings before it.2023, c. 8, s. 21
Confidential informationA person who submits any of the following information to the Commission may designate it as confidential:information that is a trade secret;financial, commercial, scientific or technical information that is confidential and that is treated consistently in a confidential manner by the person who submitted it; orinformation the disclosure of which could reasonably be expectedto result in material financial loss or gain to any person,to prejudice the competitive position of any person, orto affect contractual or other negotiations of any person.Information not to be disclosedSubject to subsections (4), (5) and (7), if a person designates information as confidential and the designation is not withdrawn by that person, no person described in subsection (3) shall knowingly disclose the information, or knowingly allow it to be disclosed, to any other person in any manner that is intended or likely to make it available for the use of any person who may benefit from the information or use it to the detriment of any person to whose business or affairs the information relates.Persons who shall not disclose informationSubsection (2) applies to any person referred to in any of the following paragraphs who comes into possession of designated information while holding the office or employment described in that paragraph, whether or not the person has ceased to hold that office or be so employed:a member of, or a person employed by, the Commission;in respect of information disclosed under paragraph (4)(b) or (5)(b), the Commissioner of Competition appointed under the Competition Act or a person whose duties involve the carrying out of that Act and who is referred to in section 25 of that Act;in respect of information provided under section 25.1, the Minister, the Chief Statistician of Canada or an agent of or a person employed in the federal public administration.Disclosure of information submitted in proceedingsIf designated information is submitted in the course of proceedings before the Commission, the Commission may, while protecting the privacy of Canadians,disclose the information or require its disclosure if the Commission determines, after considering any representations from interested persons, that the disclosure is in the public interest; anddisclose the information or require its disclosure to the Commissioner of Competition on the Commissioner’s request if the Commission determines that the information is relevant to competition issues being considered in the proceedings.Disclosure of other informationIf designated information is submitted to the Commission otherwise than in the course of proceedings before it, the Commission may, while protecting the privacy of Canadians,disclose the information or require its disclosure if, after considering any representations from interested persons, the Commission considers that the information is relevant to a matter arising in the exercise of its powers or the performance of its duties and functions and determines that the disclosure is in the public interest; anddisclose the information or require its disclosure to the Commissioner of Competition, on the Commissioner’s request, if the Commission considers that the information is relevant to competition issues that are related to such a matter.Information disclosed to Commissioner of CompetitionNeither the Commissioner of Competition nor any person whose duties involve the administration and enforcement of the Competition Act and who is referred to in section 25 of that Act shall use information that is disclosedunder paragraph (4)(b) other than to facilitate the Commissioner’s participation in proceedings referred to in subsection (4); orunder paragraph (5)(b) other than to facilitate the Commissioner’s participation in a matter referred to in subsection (5).Information inadmissibleDesignated information that is not disclosed or required to be disclosed under this section is not admissible in evidence in any judicial proceedings except proceedings for failure to submit information required to be submitted under this Act or for forgery, perjury or false declaration in relation to the submission of the information.2023, c. 8, s. 21
General Powers of the Governor in Council
DirectionsThe Governor in Council may, by order, issue directions to the Commissionrespecting the maximum number of channels or frequencies for the use of which licences may be issued within a geographical area designated in the order;respecting the reservation of channels or frequencies for the use of the Corporation or for any special purpose designated in the order;respecting the classes of applicants to whom licences may not be issued or to whom amendments or renewals thereof may not be granted; andprescribing the circumstances in which the Commission may issue licences to applicants that are agents of a province and are otherwise ineligible to hold a licence, and the conditions on which those licences may be issued.IdemWhere the Governor in Council deems the broadcast of any program to be of urgent importance to Canadians generally or to persons resident in any area of Canada, the Governor in Council may, by order, direct the Commission to issue a notice to licensees throughout Canada or throughout any area of Canada, of any class specified in the order, requiring the licensees to broadcast the program in accordance with the order, and licensees to whom any such notice is addressed shall comply with the notice.Publication and tablingAn order made under subsection (1) or (2) shall be published forthwith in the Canada Gazette and a copy thereof shall be laid before each House of Parliament on any of the first fifteen days on which that House is sitting after the making of the order.ConsultationThe Minister shall consult with the Commission with regard to any order proposed to be made by the Governor in Council under subsection (1).
Directions – Free Trade AgreementThe Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister, issue directionsrequiring the Commission to implement paragraphs 1 and 4 of Annex 15-D of the Agreement and specifying the manner in which, and the date on or before which, those paragraphs are to be implemented;respecting the manner in which the Commission shall apply or interpret paragraph 3 of that Annex; andrequiring the Commission to cancel any measure taken by the Commission in the implementation of paragraph 4 of that Annex on the date the Agreement ceases to have effect, or such later date as the Governor in Council may specify.ConsultationThe Minister shall consult with the Commission with regard to any direction proposed to be issued by the Governor in Council under subsection (1).Directions bindingA direction issued under subsection (1) is binding on the Commission from the time it comes into force.Definition of AgreementIn this section, Agreement has the same meaning as in section 2 of the Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement Implementation Act.1991, c. 11, s. 272020, c. 1, s. 152
Setting aside or referring decisions back to CommissionIf the Commission makes a decision under section 9 to issue, amend or renew a licence, the Governor in Council may, within 180 days after the date of the decision, on petition in writing of any person received within 45 days after that date or on the Governor in Council’s own motion, by order, set aside the decision or refer the decision back to the Commission for reconsideration and hearing of the matter by the Commission, if the Governor in Council is satisfied that the decision derogates from the attainment of the objectives of the broadcasting policy set out in subsection 3(1).Order on reference backAn order made under subsection (1) that refers a decision back to the Commission for reconsideration and hearing shall set out the details of any matter that, in the opinion of the Governor in Council, may be material to the reconsideration and hearing.Powers on reference backWhere a decision is referred back to the Commission under this section, the Commission shall reconsider the matter and, after a hearing as provided for by subsection (1), mayrescind the decision or the issue, amendment or renewal of the licence;rescind the issue of the licence and issue a licence to another person; orconfirm, either with or without change, variation or alteration, the decision or the issue, amendment or renewal of the licence.[Repealed, 2023, c. 8, s. 22][Repealed, 2023, c. 8, s. 22]1991, c. 11, s. 282023, c. 8, s. 22
Filing of petitionsEvery person who petitions the Governor in Council under subsection 28(1) shall at the same time send a copy of the petition to the Commission.NoticeOn receipt of a petition under subsection (1), the Commission shall forward a copy of the petition by prepaid registered mail to all persons who were heard at or made any oral representation in connection with the hearing held in the matter to which the petition relates.RegisterThe Commission shall establish and maintain a public register in which shall be kept a copy of each petition received by the Commission.1991, c. 11, s. 292023, c. 8, s. 23
Amendment of scheduleThe Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister made on the request of the Commission and with the consent of the Corporation, amend the schedule.
Decisions and Orders
Decisions and orders finalExcept as provided in this Part, every decision and order of the Commission is final and conclusive.Appeal to Federal Court of AppealAn appeal lies from a decision or order of the Commission to the Federal Court of Appeal on a question of law or a question of jurisdiction if leave therefor is obtained from that Court on application made within one month after the making of the decision or order sought to be appealed from or within such further time as that Court under special circumstances allows.Entry of appealNo appeal lies after leave therefor has been obtained under subsection (2) unless it is entered in the Federal Court of Appeal within sixty days after the making of the order granting leave to appeal.Document deemed decision or orderAny document issued by the Commission in the form of a decision or order shall, if it relates to the issue, amendment, renewal, revocation or suspension of a licence, be deemed for the purposes of this section to be a decision or order of the Commission.
Prohibition
Carrying on broadcasting undertakingA person shall not carry on a broadcasting undertaking unlessthey do so in accordance with a licence issued to them; orthey are exempt, under an order made under subsection 9(4), from the requirement to hold a licence.Exception — online undertakingDespite subsection (1), a person may carry on an online undertaking without a licence and without being so exempt.2023, c. 8, s. 24
Offences
Broadcasting contrary to ActEvery person who contravenes section 31.1 is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liablein the case of an individual, to a fine of not more than $25,000 for each day that the offence continues; orin the case of a corporation, to a fine of not more than $250,000 for each day that the offence continues.1991, c. 11, s. 322023, c. 8, s. 25
Contravention of regulation or orderEvery person who contravenes any regulation or order made under this Part is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liablein the case of an individual, to a fine of not more than $25,000 for a first offence and of not more than $50,000 for each subsequent offence; orin the case of a corporation, to a fine of not more than $250,000 for a first offence and of not more than $500,000 for each subsequent offence.1991, c. 11, s. 332023, c. 8, s. 25
DefenceA person is not to be found guilty of an offence under section 32 or 33 if they establish that they exercised due diligence to prevent the commission of the offence.2023, c. 8, s. 25
LimitationProceedings in respect of an offence under section 33 may be instituted within, but not after, two years after the day on which the subject matter of the proceedings arose.1991, c. 11, s. 342023, c. 8, s. 25
Consultation and Review
Regulations and ordersEvery seven years the Commission shall consult with all interested persons with respect to orders made under section 9.1 and regulations and orders made under section 11.1 and shall publish, on the Internet or otherwise, a report on the consultations that also lists the orders and regulations that the Commission proposes to review as a result of the consultations and sets out its plan for conducting the review.Publication of reportThe Commission shall publish the first report within seven years after the day on which this subsection comes into force and, subsequently, within seven years after the day on which the most recent report is published.Tabling of reportsThe Minister shall cause a copy of all reports published under subsections (1) and (2) to be tabled before each House of Parliament.2023, c. 8, s. 25
Offence  — Paper Bill
ProhibitionNo person who carries on a broadcasting undertaking shall charge a subscriber for providing the subscriber with a paper bill.2014, c. 39, s. 192
OffenceEvery person who contravenes section 34.1 is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liablein the case of an individual, to a fine not exceeding $25,000 for a first offence and not exceeding $50,000 for each subsequent offence; orin the case of a corporation, to a fine not exceeding $250,000 for a first offence and not exceeding $500,000 for each subsequent offence.2014, c. 39, s. 192
DefenceA person is not to be found guilty of an offence under section 34.2 if they establish that they exercised due diligence to prevent the commission of the offence.2023, c. 8, s. 26
LimitationNo proceedings for an offence under section 34.2 are to be instituted more than two years after the time when the subject-matter of the proceedings arose.2014, c. 39, s. 192
Administrative Monetary Penalties
ViolationsSubject to a regulation made under paragraph 34.995(a), a person commits a violation if theycontravene a regulation or order made under Part II;contravene the requirement to negotiate in good faith under subsection 9.1(9);carry on a broadcasting undertaking in contravention of section 31.1;charge a subscriber for providing the subscriber with a paper bill in contravention of section 34.1;contravene an undertaking that they entered into under section 34.9;fail to submit information in accordance with a notice issued under section 34.996 to a person designated under paragraph 34.7(a) that the designated person requires by the notice;knowingly make a material misrepresentation of fact in contravention of section 34.997; orcontravene any of subsections 42(1) to (4) and (7), 43(1) to (3) and 44(1) to (3) and (6) of the Accessible Canada Act.Continued violationA violation that is continued on more than one day constitutes a separate violation in respect of each day on which it is continued.2023, c. 8, s. 27
Maximum administrative monetary penaltySubject to a regulation made under paragraph 34.995(b), a person who commits a violation is liable to an administrative monetary penaltyin the case of an individual, of not more than $25,000 for a first violation and of not more than $50,000 for each subsequent violation; orin any other case, of not more than $10 million for a first violation and of not more than $15 million for each subsequent violation.Criteria for penaltyThe amount of the penalty is to be determined by taking into account the following factors:the nature and scope of the violation;the history of compliance by the person who committed the violation with this Act, the regulations and the decisions and orders made by the Commission under this Act;the person’s history with respect to any previous undertaking entered into under section 34.9;any benefit that the person obtained from the commission of the violation;the person’s ability to pay the penalty;any factors established by regulation;the purpose of the penalty, which is to promote compliance with this Act — or, in the case of a penalty imposed for a violation referred to in paragraph 34.4(1)(h), compliance with the Accessible Canada Act — and not to punish; andany other relevant factor.Purpose of penaltyThe purpose of the penalty is to promote compliance with this Act — or, in the case of a penalty imposed for a violation referred to in paragraph 34.4(1)(h), compliance with the Accessible Canada Act — and not to punish.2023, c. 8, s. 27
ProceduresDespite subsection 34.8(1), the Commission may impose a penalty in a decision made in the course of a proceeding before it under this Act in which it finds that a violation referred to in section 34.4 has been committed by a person other than the person who entered into an undertaking under section 34.9 in connection with the same act or omission giving rise to the violation.For greater certaintyFor greater certainty, the Commission is not to impose a penalty under subsection (1) on a person who has not been given the opportunity to be heard.2023, c. 8, s. 27
DesignationThe Commission maydesignate persons or classes of persons who are authorized to issue notices of violation or to accept an undertaking under section 34.9; andestablish, in respect of each violation, a short-form description to be used in notices of violation.2023, c. 8, s. 27
Notice of violationA person who is authorized to issue notices of violation may, if they believe on reasonable grounds that another person has committed a violation, issue a notice of violation and cause it to be served on that other person.ContentsThe notice of violation shall set outthe name of the person who is believed to have committed a violation;the act or omission giving rise to the violation, as well as a reference to the provision that is at issue;the administrative monetary penalty that the person is liable to pay, as well as the time and manner in which the person may pay the penalty;a statement informing the person that they may pay the penalty or make representations to the Commission with respect to the violation and the penalty and informing them of the time and manner for making such representations; anda statement informing the person that, if they do not pay the penalty or make representations in accordance with the notice, they will be deemed to have committed the violation and the penalty may be imposed.2023, c. 8, s. 27
UndertakingA person may enter into an undertaking at any time. The undertaking is valid upon its acceptance by the Commission or, if it is entered into by a person other than the Corporation, upon its acceptance by the Commission or the person designated to accept an undertaking.RequirementsAn undertaking referred to in subsection (1)shall set out every act or omission that is covered by the undertaking;shall set out every provision that is at issue;may contain any conditions that the Commission or the person designated to accept the undertaking considers appropriate; andmay include a requirement to pay a specified amount.Before notice of violationIf a person enters into an undertaking, a notice of violation shall not be served on them in connection with any act or omission referred to in the undertaking.After notice of violationIf a person enters into an undertaking after a notice of violation is served on them, the proceeding that is commenced by the notice of violation is ended in respect of that person in connection with any act or omission referred to in the undertaking.2023, c. 8, s. 27
Powers respecting hearingsFor greater certainty, the Commission has all the powers, rights and privileges referred to in section 16 if, in a proceeding in respect of a violation, it holds a public hearing under subsection 18(3).2023, c. 8, s. 27
Payment of penaltyIf a person who is served with a notice of violation pays the penalty set out in the notice, they are deemed to have committed the violation and the proceedings in respect of it are ended.Decision of CommissionThe Commission shall, in a timely manner, issue a decision with respect to subsection (1) confirming that the person is deemed to have committed the violation.Representations to Commission and decisionIf a person who is served with a notice of violation makes representations in accordance with the notice, the Commission shall decide, on a balance of probabilities, after considering any other representations that it considers appropriate, whether the person committed the violation. If the Commission decides that the person committed the violation, it mayimpose the administrative monetary penalty set out in the notice, a lesser penalty or no penalty; andsuspend payment of the administrative monetary penalty subject to any conditions that the Commission considers necessary to ensure compliance with this Act.PenaltyIf a person who is served with a notice of violation neither pays the penalty nor makes representations in accordance with the notice, the person is deemed to have committed the violation and the Commission may impose the penalty.Copy of decision and notice of rightsThe Commission shall cause a copy of any decision made under subsection (1.1), (2) or (3) to be issued and served on the person together with a notice of the person’s right to apply for leave to appeal under section 31.2023, c. 8, s. 27
EvidenceIn a proceeding in respect of a violation, a notice purporting to be served under subsection 34.8(1) or a copy of a decision purporting to be served under subsection 34.92(4) is admissible in evidence without proof of the signature or official character of the person appearing to have signed it.2023, c. 8, s. 27
DefenceA person is not to be found liable for a violation, other than a violation under paragraph 34.4(1)(b) or (g), if they establish that they exercised due diligence to prevent its commission.Common law principlesEvery rule and principle of the common law that makes any circumstance a justification or excuse in relation to a charge for an offence applies in respect of a violation to the extent that it is not inconsistent with this Act.2023, c. 8, s. 27
Directors, officers, etc., of corporationsAn officer, director or agent or mandatary of a corporation other than the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, that commits a violation is liable for the violation if they directed, authorized, assented to, acquiesced in or participated in the commission of the violation, whether or not the corporation is proceeded against.2023, c. 8, s. 27
Vicarious liabilityA person, other than the Corporation, is liable for a violation that is committed by their employee acting within the scope of their employment or their agent or mandatary acting within the scope of their authority, whether or not the employee or agent or mandatary is identified or proceeded against.2023, c. 8, s. 27
Limitation or prescription periodProceedings in respect of a violation may be instituted within, but not after, three years after the day on which the subject matter of the proceedings became known to the Commission.CertificateA document that appears to have been issued by the secretary to the Commission, certifying the day on which the subject matter of any proceedings became known to the Commission, is admissible in evidence without proof of the signature or official character of the person who appears to have signed the document and is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, proof of the matter asserted in it.2023, c. 8, s. 27
Information may be made publicThe Commission may make publicthe name of a person who enters into an undertaking under section 34.9, the nature of the undertaking including the acts or omissions and provisions at issue, the conditions included in the undertaking and the amount payable under it, if any; orthe name of a person who is deemed, or is found by the Commission or on appeal, to have committed a violation, the acts or omissions and provisions at issue and the amount of the penalty imposed, if any.2023, c. 8, s. 27
Special case concerning the Corporation — public hearingDespite subsections 34.6(1) and 34.92(2) and (3), the Commission shall not impose a penalty under any of those subsections on the Corporation for a violation other than the one referred to in paragraph 34.4(1)(h) without holding a public hearing on the matter.Place of hearingA public hearing under subsection (1) may be held at any place in Canada designated by the Chairperson of the Commission.Notice of hearingThe Commission shall cause notice of any public hearing to be held by it under subsection (1) to be published in the Canada Gazette and in one or more newspapers of general circulation within any area affected or likely to be affected by the matter to which the public hearing relates.Powers respecting hearingsThe Commission has, in respect of any hearing under subsection (1), with regard to the attendance, swearing and examination of witnesses at the hearing, the production and inspection of documents and other matters necessary or proper in relation to the hearing, all of the powers, rights and privileges that are vested in a superior court of record.For greater certaintyFor greater certainty, sections 17, 20 and 21 apply in respect of public hearings under subsection (1).2023, c. 8, s. 27
Report of violationIf the Commission is satisfied, after holding a public hearing on the matter, that the Corporation has committed a violation referred to in any of paragraphs 34.4(1)(a) to (g), the Commission shall forward to the Minister a report setting out the circumstances of the violation, the findings of the Commission, the amount of any penalty imposed, and any observations or recommendations of the Commission in connection with the violation.Report to be tabledThe Minister shall cause a copy of the report referred to in subsection (1) to be laid before each House of Parliament on any of the first 15 days on which that House is sitting after the report is received by the Minister.2023, c. 8, s. 27
Violation or offenceIf an act or omission can be proceeded with either as a violation or as an offence under this Act, proceeding in one manner precludes proceeding in the other.For greater certaintyFor greater certainty, a violation is not an offence and, accordingly, section 126 of the Criminal Code does not apply.2023, c. 8, s. 27
Receiver GeneralAn administrative monetary penalty paid or recovered in relation to a violation is payable to the Receiver General.2023, c. 8, s. 27
Debt due to Her MajestyThe following amounts are debts due to Her Majesty in right of Canada that may be recovered in the Federal Court:the amount of the penalty imposed by the Commission in a decision made in the course of a proceeding before it under this Act in which it finds that a violation referred to in section 34.4 has been committed;the amount payable under an undertaking entered into under section 34.9, beginning on the day specified in the undertaking or, if no day is specified, beginning on the day on which the undertaking is accepted;the amount of the penalty set out in a notice of violation, beginning on the day on which it is required to be paid in accordance with the notice, unless representations are made in accordance with the notice;if representations are made, either the amount of the administrative monetary penalty that is imposed by the Commission or on appeal, as the case may be, beginning on the day specified by the Commission or the court or, if no day is specified, beginning on the day on which the decision is made; andthe amount of any reasonable expenses incurred in attempting to recover an amount referred to in any of paragraphs (a) to (d).Limitation period or prescriptionProceedings to recover a debt may be instituted within, but not after, three years after the day on which the debt becomes payable.Certificate of defaultThe Commission may issue a certificate for the unpaid amount of any debt referred to in subsection (1).Effect of registrationRegistration of a certificate in the Federal Court has the same effect as a judgment of that Court for a debt of the amount set out in the certificate and all related registration costs.2023, c. 8, s. 27
RegulationsThe Governor in Council may make regulationsproviding for exceptions to any of paragraphs 34.4(1)(a) to (h);increasing the maximum administrative monetary penalty amounts set out in subsection 34.5(1);for the purpose of paragraph 34.5(2)(f), establishing other factors to be considered in determining the amount of the penalty;respecting undertakings referred to in section 34.9;respecting the service of documents required or authorized to be served under this Part, including the manner and proof of service and the circumstances under which documents are to be considered to be served; andgenerally, for carrying out the purposes and provisions of this Part.2023, c. 8, s. 27
Submission of Information
Information requirementA person designated under paragraph 34.7(a) who believes that a person is in possession of information that is reasonably considered to be relevant for the purpose of verifying whether a violation referred to in section 34.4 has been committed may, by notice, require that person to submit the information to the designated person in the form and manner and within the reasonable time that is stipulated in the notice. A person to whom any such notice is addressed shall comply with the notice.2023, c. 8, s. 27
Offence — Material Misrepresentation of Fact
ProhibitionIt is prohibited for any person to knowingly make a material misrepresentation of fact to a person designated under paragraph 34.7(a).2023, c. 8, s. 27
OffenceEvery person who contravenes section 34.997 is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction and is liablein the case of an individual, to a fine of not more than $10,000 for a first offence and of not more than $25,000 for each subsequent offence; orin any other case, to a fine of not more than $100,000 for a first offence and of not more than $250,000 for each subsequent offence.LimitationProceedings in respect of an offence under subsection (1) may be instituted within, but not after, two years after the day on which the subject matter of the proceedings arose.2023, c. 8, s. 27
Canadian Broadcasting CorporationInterpretation
DefinitionsIn this Part,auditor means the auditor of the Corporation; (vérificateur)Board means the Board of Directors of the Corporation; (conseil d’administration)Chairperson means the Chairperson of the Board; (président du conseil)director means a director of the Corporation; (administrateur)President means the President of the Corporation; (président-directeur général)wholly-owned subsidiary has the same meaning as in Part X of the Financial Administration Act. (filiale à cent pour cent)InterpretationThis Part shall be interpreted and applied so as to protect and enhance the freedom of expression and the journalistic, creative and programming independence enjoyed by the Corporation in the pursuit of its objects and in the exercise of its powers.
Continuation of Corporation
Corporation continuedThe corporation known as the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation is hereby continued and shall consist of those directors who from time to time compose the Board.Board of DirectorsThere shall be a Board of Directors of the Corporation consisting of twelve directors, including the Chairperson and the President, to be appointed by the Governor in Council.TenureA director shall be appointed to hold office during good behaviour for a term not exceeding five years and may be removed at any time by the Governor in Council for cause.Re-appointmentSubject to section 38, the Chairperson and the President are eligible for re-appointment on the expiration of any term of office but any other director who has served two consecutive terms is not, during the twelve months following the completion of the second term, eligible for appointment, except as Chairperson or President.Continuation in officeNotwithstanding subsections (3) and (4), if a director is not appointed to take office on the expiration of the term of office of an incumbent director, the incumbent director continues in office until a successor is appointed.1991, c. 11, s. 36; 1995, c. 29, s. 4
Oath of officeEvery director shall, before entering on the director’s duties, take and subscribe, before the Clerk of the Privy Council, an oath or solemn affirmation, which shall be filed in the office of the Clerk, in the following form:I, , do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully, truly and impartially, to the best of my judgment, skill and ability, execute and perform the office of . (Add, in the case where an oath is taken, “So help me God”.)
Outside interests of directorsA person is not eligible to be appointed or to continue as a director if the person is not a Canadian citizen who is ordinarily resident in Canada or if, directly or indirectly, as owner, shareholder, director, officer, partner or otherwise, the personis engaged in the operation of a broadcasting undertaking described in subsection (3);has any pecuniary or proprietary interest in such a broadcasting undertaking; oris principally engaged in the production or distribution of program material that is primarily intended for use by such a broadcasting undertaking.Disposing of interestA director in whom any interest prohibited by subsection (1) vests by will or succession for the director’s own benefit shall, within three months thereafter, absolutely dispose of that interest.ApplicationSubsection (1) applies with respect to a broadcasting undertaking thatmust be carried on under a licence;is carried on by a person who is exempt from the requirement to hold a licence, under an order made under subsection 9(4); ormust be registered with the Commission under regulations made under paragraph 10(1)(i).1991, c. 11, s. 382023, c. 8, s. 28
Responsibility of directorsSubject to this Part, the Board is responsible for the management of the businesses, activities and other affairs of the Corporation.
Accountability of Corporation to ParliamentThe Corporation is ultimately accountable, through the Minister, to Parliament for the conduct of its affairs.
Chairperson
Powers, duties and functionsThe Chairperson shall preside at meetings of the Board and may exercise such powers and shall perform such other duties and functions as are assigned to the Chairperson by the by-laws of the Corporation.Part-timeThe Chairperson shall perform the duties and functions of the office on a part-time basis.Absence, incapacity or vacancy of officeIf the Chairperson is absent or incapacitated or if the office of Chairperson is vacant, the President shall act as Chairperson, and if both are absent or incapacitated or if both those offices are vacant, the Board may authorize a director to act as Chairperson, but no person so authorized by the Board has authority to act as Chairperson for a period exceeding sixty days without the approval of the Governor in Council.
President
Powers, duties and functionsThe President is the chief executive officer of the Corporation and has supervision over and direction of the work and staff of the Corporation and may exercise such powers and shall perform such other duties and functions as are assigned to the President by the by-laws of the Corporation.Full-timeThe President shall perform the duties and functions of the office on a full-time basis.Absence, incapacity or vacancy of officeIf the President is absent or incapacitated or if the office of President is vacant, the Board may authorize an officer of the Corporation to act as President, but no person so authorized by the Board has authority to act as President for a period exceeding sixty days without the approval of the Governor in Council.
Remuneration
Chairperson’s and President’s remunerationThe Chairperson and the President shall be paid by the Corporation remuneration at the rate fixed by the Governor in Council.Fees of other directorsEach director, other than the Chairperson and the President, shall be paid by the Corporation such fees for attendance at meetings of the Board or any committee of directors as are fixed by the by-laws of the Corporation.ExpensesEach director is entitled to be paid by the Corporation such travel and living expenses incurred by the director in the performance of the duties of that director as are fixed by the by-laws of the Corporation.
Staff
Employment of staffThe Corporation may, on its own behalf, employ such officers and employees as it considers necessary for the conduct of its business.Terms, etc., of employmentThe officers and employees employed by the Corporation under subsection (1) shall, subject to any by-laws made under section 51, be employed on such terms and conditions and at such rates of remuneration as the Board deems fit.Not servants of Her MajestyThe officers and employees employed by the Corporation under subsection (1) are not officers or servants of Her Majesty.
Standing Committees
English and French language broadcasting committeesThe Board shall establish a standing committee of directors on English language broadcasting and a standing committee of directors on French language broadcasting, each consisting of the Chairperson, the President and such other directors as the Board may appoint.Chairperson or President shall presideThe Chairperson, or in the absence of the Chairperson, the President, shall preside at meetings of each standing committee established pursuant to subsection (1).Absence of Chairperson and PresidentIn respect of each standing committee established pursuant to subsection (1), the Chairperson shall designate one of the directors to preside at meetings thereof in the event of the absence of both the Chairperson and the President.Duties of committeesThe standing committee on English language broadcasting shall perform such duties in relation to English language broadcasting, and the standing committee on French language broadcasting shall perform such duties in relation to French language broadcasting, as are delegated to the committee by the by-laws of the Corporation.
Objects and Powers
Objects and powersThe Corporation is established for the purpose of providing the programming contemplated by paragraphs 3(1)(l) and (m), subject to any applicable orders and regulations of the Commission, and for that purpose the Corporation mayestablish, equip, maintain and operate broadcasting undertakings;make agreements with persons carrying on broadcasting undertakings for the broadcasting of programs;originate programs, secure programs from within or outside Canada by purchase, exchange or otherwise and make arrangements necessary for their transmission;make contracts with any person, within or outside Canada, in connection with the production or presentation of programs originated or secured by the Corporation;make contracts with any person, within or outside Canada, for performances in connection with the programs of the Corporation;with the approval of the Governor in Council, make contracts with any person for the provision by the Corporation of consulting or engineering services outside Canada;with the approval of the Governor in Council, distribute or market outside Canada programming services originated by the Corporation;with the approval of the Minister, act as agent for or on behalf of any person in providing programming to any part of Canada not served by any other licensee;collect news relating to current events in any part of the world and establish and subscribe to news agencies;publish, distribute and preserve, whether for a consideration or otherwise, such audio-visual material, papers, periodicals and other literary matter as may seem conducive to the attainment of the objects of the Corporation;produce, distribute and sell such consumer products as may seem conducive to the attainment of the objects of the Corporation;acquire copyrights and trademarks;acquire and use any patent, patent rights, licences or concessions that the Board considers useful for the purposes of the Corporation;make arrangements or agreements with any organization for the use of any rights, privileges or concessions that the Board considers useful for the purposes of the Corporation;acquire broadcasting undertakings either by lease or by purchase;make arrangements or agreements with any organization for the provision of broadcasting services;subject to the approval of the Governor in Council, acquire, hold and dispose of shares of the capital stock of any company or corporation that is authorized to carry on any business incidental or conducive to the attainment of the objects of the Corporation; anddo all such other things as the Board deems incidental or conducive to the attainment of the objects of the Corporation.International serviceThe Corporation shall, subject to any applicable orders and regulations of the Commission, provide an international service that includes the creation, production and presentation of programming intended for audiences outside of Canada and provided in English, French and any other language deemed appropriate, in accordance with any directions that the Governor in Council may issue.Power to act as agentThe Corporation may, subject to any applicable orders and regulations of the Commission, act as an agent of Her Majesty in right of Canada, or as an agent or mandatary of Her Majesty in right of a province, in respect of any broadcasting operations that it may be directed by the Governor in Council to carry out.Extension of servicesIn planning extensions of broadcasting services, the Corporation shall have regard to the principles and purposes of the Official Languages Act.IndependenceThe Corporation shall, in the pursuit of its objects and in the exercise of its powers, enjoy freedom of expression and journalistic, creative and programming independence.1991, c. 11, s. 462014, c. 20, s. 366(E)2023, c. 8, s. 29
Debt obligationsThe Corporation may, with the approval of the Minister of Finance, borrow money by any means, including the issuance and sale of bonds, debentures, notes and any other evidence of indebtedness of the Corporation.Loans to the CorporationAt the request of the Corporation, the Minister of Finance may, out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund, lend money to the Corporation on such terms and conditions as that Minister may fix.Total indebtednessThe total indebtedness outstanding in respect of borrowings under subsections (1) and (2) shall not exceed$220,000,000; orsuch greater amount as may be authorized for the purposes of this subsection by Parliament under an appropriation Act.1994, c. 18, s. 18; 2009, c. 31, s. 23
Agent of Her Majesty
Corporation an agent of Her MajestyExcept as provided in subsections 44(1) and 46(2), the Corporation is, for all purposes of this Act, an agent of Her Majesty, and it may exercise its powers under this Act only as an agent of Her Majesty.ContractsThe Corporation may, on behalf of Her Majesty, enter into contracts in the name of Her Majesty or in the name of the Corporation.PropertyProperty acquired by the Corporation is the property of Her Majesty and title thereto may be vested in the name of Her Majesty or in the name of the Corporation.ProceedingsActions, suits or other legal proceedings in respect of any right or obligation acquired or incurred by the Corporation on behalf of Her Majesty, whether in its name or in the name of Her Majesty, may be brought or taken by or against the Corporation in the name of the Corporation in any court that would have jurisdiction if the Corporation were not an agent of Her Majesty.
Acquisition and disposition of propertySubject to subsection (2), the Corporation may purchase, lease or otherwise acquire any real or personal property that the Corporation deems necessary or convenient for carrying out its objects and may sell, lease or otherwise dispose of all or any part of any property acquired by it.RestrictionThe Corporation shall not, without the approval of the Governor in Council, enter intoany transaction for the acquisition of any real property or the disposition of any real or personal property, other than program material or rights therein, for a consideration in excess of four million dollars or such greater amount as the Governor in Council may by order prescribe; ora lease or other agreement for the use or occupation of real property involving an expenditure in excess of four million dollars or such greater amount as the Governor in Council may by order prescribe.Retaining proceedsSubject to subsection (4), the Corporation may retain and use all of the proceeds of any transaction for the disposition of real or personal property.IdemIn the case of a transaction for the disposition of real or personal property requiring the approval of the Governor in Council under subsection (2), the Corporation may retain and use all or any part of the proceeds therefrom unless otherwise directed by the Governor in Council.
ExpropriationWhere, in the opinion of the Corporation, the taking or acquisition of any land or interest therein by the Corporation without the consent of the owner is required for the purpose of carrying out its objects, the Corporation shall so advise the appropriate Minister in relation to Part I of the Expropriation Act.Application of Expropriation ActFor the purposes of the Expropriation Act, any land or interest therein that, in the opinion of the Minister referred to in subsection (1), is required for the purpose of carrying out the objects of the Corporation shall be deemed to be land or an interest therein that, in the opinion of the Minister, is required for a public work or other public purpose and, in relation thereto, a reference to the Crown in that Act shall be construed as a reference to the Corporation.
Head Office and Meetings
Head officeThe head office of the Corporation shall be in the National Capital Region as described in the schedule to the National Capital Act or at such other place in Canada as the Governor in Council may specify.MeetingsThe Board shall meet at least six times in each year.Telephone conferencesA director may, subject to the by-laws of the Corporation, participate in a meeting of the Board or a committee of directors by means of such telephone or other communication facilities as permit all persons participating in the meeting to hear each other, and a director who participates in such a meeting by those means is deemed for the purposes of this Part to be present at the meeting.
By-laws
By-lawsThe Board may make by-lawsrespecting the calling of meetings of the Board;respecting the conduct of business at meetings of the Board, the establishment of special and standing committees of directors, the delegation of duties to special and standing committees of directors, including the committees referred to in section 45, and the fixing of quorums for meetings thereof;fixing the fees to be paid to directors, other than the Chairperson and the President, for attendance at meetings of the Board or any committee of directors, and the travel and living expenses to be paid to directors;respecting the duties and conduct of the directors, officers and employees of the Corporation and the terms and conditions of employment and of termination of employment of officers and employees of the Corporation, including the payment of any gratuity to those officers and employees or any one or more of them, whether by way of retirement allowance or otherwise;respecting the establishment, management and administration of a pension fund for the directors, officers and employees of the Corporation and their dependants, the contributions thereto to be made by the Corporation and the investment of the pension fund moneys thereof; andgenerally for the conduct and management of the affairs of the Corporation.Certain by-laws subject to Minister’s approvalNo by-law made under paragraph (1)(c) or (e), and no by-law made under paragraph (1)(d) that provides for the payment of any gratuity referred to in that paragraph, has any effect unless it is approved by the Minister.1991, c. 11, s. 512023, c. 8, s. 30(F)
Financial Provisions
Independence of the CorporationNothing in sections 53 to 70 shall be interpreted or applied so as to limit the freedom of expression or the journalistic, creative or programming independence enjoyed by the Corporation in the pursuit of its objects and in the exercise of its powers.IdemWithout limiting the generality of subsection (1), and notwithstanding sections 53 to 70 or any regulation made under any of those sections, the Corporation is not required tosubmit to the Treasury Board or to the Minister or the Minister of Finance any information the provision of which could reasonably be expected to compromise or constrain the journalistic, creative or programming independence of the Corporation; orinclude in any corporate plan or summary thereof submitted to the Minister pursuant to section 54 or 55 any information the provision of which could reasonably be expected to limit the ability of the Corporation to exercise its journalistic, creative or programming independence.
Part VII of Financial Administration Act not to applyNotwithstanding the Financial Administration Act, Part VII of that Act does not apply to a debt incurred by the Corporation.1994, c. 18, s. 19
Financial yearThe financial year of the Corporation is the period beginning on April 1 in one year and ending on March 31 in the next year, unless the Governor in Council otherwise directs.
Corporate planThe Corporation shall annually submit a corporate plan to the Minister.Scope of corporate planThe corporate plan of the Corporation shall encompass all the businesses and activities, including investments, of the Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, if any.Contents of corporate planThe corporate plan of the Corporation shall includea statement ofthe objects for which the Corporation is incorporated, as set out in this Act,the Corporation’s objectives for the next five years and for each year in that period and the strategy the Corporation intends to employ to achieve them, andthe Corporation’s expected performance for the year in which the plan is submitted as compared to its objectives for that year, as set out in the last corporate plan;the capital budget of the Corporation for the next following financial year of the Corporation;an operating budget for the next following financial year of the Corporation; andwhere the Corporation intends to borrow money in the next financial year, a general indication of the borrowing plans and strategies of the Corporation for that year.Approval of Minister of FinanceWhere the Corporation includes a general indication of its plans to borrow money in its corporate plan, the Corporation shall submit that part of its corporate plan to the Minister of Finance for that Minister’s approval.Capital budgetsThe Corporation shall submit the capital budget to the Minister in a corporate plan pursuant to paragraph (3)(b) for the approval of the Treasury Board.Notification of business activityWhere the Corporation or a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Corporation proposes to carry out a substantial change to business activities in any period in a manner that is not consistent with the last corporate plan of the Corporation in respect of that period, the Corporation shall forthwith notify the Minister in writing of the inconsistency in the manner of carrying on the business activity.Scope of budgetsThe budgets of the Corporation referred to in paragraphs (3)(b) and (c) shall encompass all the businesses and activities, including investments, of the Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, if any.Form of budgetsThe budgets of the Corporation referred to in paragraphs (3)(b) and (c) shall be prepared in a form that clearly sets out information according to the major businesses or activities of the Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, if any.Approval of multi-year itemsThe Treasury Board may approve any item in a capital budget submitted pursuant to paragraph (3)(b) for any financial year or years following the financial year for which the budget is submitted.1991, c. 11, s. 54; 1994, c. 18, s. 20
Summary of planThe Corporation shall submit to the Minister, in respect of each financial year, a summary of the corporate plan submitted pursuant to section 54 that summarizes the information referred to in subsection 54(3), modified so as to be based on the financial resources proposed to be allocated to the Corporation as set out in the Estimates for that financial year that have been tabled in the House of Commons.Scope of summaryA summary shall encompass all the businesses and activities, including investments, of the Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, if any, and shall set out the major business decisions taken with respect thereto.Form of summaryA summary shall be prepared in a form that clearly sets out information according to the major businesses or activities of the Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, if any.Tabling in ParliamentThe Minister shall cause a copy of every summary received pursuant to this section to be laid before each House of Parliament.Reference to committeeA summary laid before a House of Parliament pursuant to subsection (4) stands permanently referred to such committee of that House or of both Houses of Parliament as may be designated or established to review matters relating to the business and activities of the Corporation.
RegulationsThe Treasury Board may make regulations prescribing the form in which corporate plans and summaries required pursuant to sections 54 and 55 shall be prepared, the information to be included therein, the information to accompany corporate plans and the time at, before or within which they are to be submitted and summaries are to be laid before each House of Parliament.
Bank accountsThe Corporation shall maintain in its own name one or more accounts withany member of the Canadian Payments Association;any local Cooperative Credit Society that is a member of a Central Cooperative Credit Society having membership in the Canadian Payments Association; andsubject to the approval of the Minister of Finance, any financial institution outside Canada.Administration of Corporation fundsAll money received by the Corporation through the conduct of its operations or otherwise shall be deposited to the credit of the accounts established pursuant to subsection (1) and shall be administered by the Corporation exclusively in the exercise of its powers and the performance of its duties and functions.InvestmentsThe Corporation may invest any money administered by it in bonds or other securities of, or guaranteed by, the Government of Canada.Proprietor’s Equity AccountThe Corporation shall, in its books of account, establish a Proprietor’s Equity Account and shall credit thereto the amount of all money paid to the Corporation for capital purposes out of parliamentary appropriations.
Receiver General accountThe Corporation shall, if so directed by the Minister of Finance with the concurrence of the Minister, and may, if the Minister of Finance and the Minister approve, pay or cause to be paid all or any part of the money of the Corporation or of a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Corporation to the Receiver General to be paid into the Consolidated Revenue Fund and credited to a special account in the accounts of Canada in the name of the Corporation or subsidiary, and the Receiver General, subject to such terms and conditions as the Minister of Finance may prescribe, may pay out, for the purposes of the Corporation or subsidiary, or repay to the Corporation or subsidiary, all or any part of the money credited to the special account.InterestInterest may be paid in respect of money credited to a special account pursuant to subsection (1), in accordance with and at rates fixed by the Minister of Finance with the approval of the Governor in Council.
Payment over surplus moneySubject to any other Act of Parliament, where the Minister and the Minister of Finance, with the approval of the Governor in Council, so direct, the Corporation shall pay or cause to be paid to the Receiver General so much of the money of the Corporation or of a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Corporation as those Ministers consider to be in excess of the amount that is required for the purposes of the Corporation or subsidiary, and any money so paid may be applied toward the discharge of any obligation of the Corporation or subsidiary to the Crown or may be applied as revenues of Canada.
[Repealed, 2005, c. 30, s. 41]Reports to MinisterThe Board shall make to the Minister such reports of the financial affairs of the Corporation as the Minister requires.1991, c. 11, s. 60; 2005, c. 30, s. 41
Auditor of the CorporationThe Auditor General of Canada is the auditor of the Corporation.
[Repealed, 2005, c. 30, s. 42]
[Repealed, 2005, c. 30, s. 42]
[Repealed, 2005, c. 30, s. 42]
[Repealed, 2005, c. 30, s. 42]
[Repealed, 2005, c. 30, s. 42]
[Repealed, 2005, c. 30, s. 42]
[Repealed, 2005, c. 30, s. 42]
[Repealed, 2005, c. 30, s. 42]
Report on wholly-owned subsidiariesThe Corporation shall forthwith notify the Minister and the President of the Treasury Board of the name of any corporation that becomes or ceases to be a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Corporation.
Report to Parliament
Annual reportThe Corporation shall, as soon as possible after, but in any case within three months after, the end of each financial year, submit an annual report on the operations of the Corporation in that year concurrently to the Minister and to the President of the Treasury Board, and the Minister shall cause a copy of the report to be laid before each House of Parliament on any of the first fifteen days on which that House is sitting after the Minister receives it.Reference to committeeAn annual report laid before a House of Parliament pursuant to subsection (1) stands permanently referred to such committee of that House or of both Houses of Parliament as may be designated or established to review matters relating to the business and activities of the Corporation.Form and contentsThe annual report of the Corporation shall includethe financial statements of the Corporation referred to in subsection 131(4) of the Financial Administration Act,the annual auditor’s report referred to in section 132 of the Financial Administration Act,a statement on the extent to which the Corporation has met its objectives for the financial year,quantitative information respecting the performance of the Corporation, including its wholly-owned subsidiaries, if any, relative to the Corporation’s objectives, andsuch other information in respect of the financial affairs of the Corporation as is required by this Part or by the Minister to be included therein,and shall be prepared in a form that clearly sets out information according to the major businesses or activities of the Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, if any.1991, c. 11, s. 71; 2005, c. 30, s. 43
Related and Consequential Amendments, Repeal, Transitional and Coming into ForceRelated and Consequential Amendments
[Amendments]
Repeal
[Repeal]
Transitional
DefinitionsIn this section,Executive Committee means the Executive Committee of the Commission, as it existed on the day immediately before the coming into force of section 80; (bureau)former Act means the Broadcasting Act, chapter B-9 of the Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985. (loi abrogée)Pending proceedingsAny proceedings pending before the Commission or Executive Committee on the day immediately before the coming into force of this subsection shall be taken up and continued before the Commission under and in conformity with this Act.Continuation of previous orders, etc.Every decision, order, rule and regulation issued, rendered or made under the former Act by the Commission or Executive Committee that is in force on the coming into force of this subsection and that is not inconsistent with this Act or any other Act of Parliament shall be deemed to have been issued, rendered or made by the Commission under this Act.Continuation of directionsEvery direction issued to the Commission by the Governor in Council under the former Act that is in force on the day immediately preceding the coming into force of this subsection and that is not inconsistent with this Act or any other Act of Parliament shall be deemed to have been issued by the Governor in Council under this Act.Continuation of licencesEvery broadcasting licence authorizing the carrying on of a broadcasting undertaking issued under the former Act and in effect on the day immediately preceding the coming into force of this subsection shall continue in effect for the unexpired portion of its term as if it were a licence authorizing the carrying on of a broadcasting undertaking issued under this Act and may be amended, renewed, suspended or revoked in the manner provided in this Act.
Full-time members of CommissionEvery person holding office as Chairman, Vice-Chairman or full-time member of the Commission immediately before the coming into force of section 76 shall continue in office and be deemed to have been appointed under section 3 of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission Act, as amended by this Act, to hold office for the remainder of the term for which the person had been appointed before the coming into force of section 76.Part-time members of CommissionThe part-time members of the Commission holding office immediately before the coming into force of section 76 shall cease to hold office on the coming into force of that section.
Directors of CorporationEvery person holding office as a director of the Corporation immediately before the coming into force of section 36 shall continue in office and be deemed to have been appointed under that section to hold office for the remainder of the term for which the person had been appointed before the coming into force of that section.
Coming into Force
Coming into forceThis Act or any provision thereof shall come into force on a day or days to be fixed by order of the Governor in Council.[Note: Act in force June 4, 1991, see SI/91-86.]
(Sections 24, 25 and 30)Any licence issued pursuant to C.R.T.C. Decision No. 87-140 of February 23, 1987.Any licence issued pursuant to C.R.T.C. Decision No. 88-181 of March 30, 1988.Any licence issued in connection with the operation of any radio or television station owned and operated by the Corporation.RELATED PROVISIONS — 1995, c. 29, s. 5
Directors cease to hold officeNotwithstanding subsection 36(5) of the Act, every person who was a director of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation immediately before the coming into force of section 4 of this Act by reason of that subsection shall cease to hold office on the coming into force of section 4 of this Act.
 — 2023, c. 8, s. 48
DefinitionsThe following definitions apply in this section and sections 49 to 52.new Act means the Broadcasting Act as it reads as of the royal assent day. (nouvelle loi)old Act means the Broadcasting Act as it read immediately before the royal assent day. (ancienne loi)royal assent day means the day on which this Act receives royal assent. (date de sanction)Words and expressionsUnless otherwise provided, words and expressions used in sections 49 to 52 have the same meanings as in the Broadcasting Act.
 — 2023, c. 8, s. 49
Conditions and requirements — deemed orderEach of the following is deemed to be a condition imposed under an order, made under section 9.1 of the new Act, that applies only with respect to a particular licensee:a condition of their licence imposed under section 9 of the old Act that, as of the royal assent day, could not be made the subject of an order under subsection 11.1(2) of the new Act;a requirement imposed on the licensee under any of paragraphs 9(1)(f) to (h) of the old Act.Regulations — deemed orderAny regulation made under paragraph 10(1)(a) or 10(1)(i) of the old Act is deemed to be an order made under section 9.1 of the new Act.
 — 2023, c. 8, s. 50
Expenditures — deemed regulationsThe following are deemed to be regulations made under subsection 11.1(1) of the new Act:any terms and conditions imposed under an order made under subsection 9(4) of the old Act that, as of the royal assent day, could be the subject of such regulations; andany regulations made under subsection 10(1) of the old Act that, as of the royal assent day, could be made under subsection 11.1(1) of the new Act.Expenditures — deemed orderAny condition of a licensee’s licence that, as of the royal assent day, could be made the subject of an order under subsection 11.1(2) of the new Act is deemed to be a provision of such an order that applies only with respect to the licensee.
 — 2023, c. 8, s. 51
Section 28Section 28 of the old Act continues to apply with respect to any decision of the Commission to issue, amend or renew a licence that is made before the royal assent day.Interim licencesA person is not permitted to make a petition — and the Governor in Council is not permitted to make an order — under subsection 28(1) of the new Act with respect to a decision to renew a licence made by the Commission during the transition period if the Commission specifies, in renewing that licence, that it is an interim licence and if its term is for no more than one year.Definition of transition periodIn subsection (2), transition period means the period beginning on the royal assent day and ending on the second anniversary of that day.
 — 2023, c. 8, s. 52
Validation of expendituresThe expenditures described in subsection (2) are deemed to have been validly required by the Commission under the old Act.ExpendituresSubsection (1) applies with respect to the expenditures — including, for greater certainty, the contributions — that were made by a broadcasting undertaking before the royal assent day undera condition of a licence issued under the old Act;a term or condition of an order made under subsection 9(4) of that Act; orregulations made under section 10 of that Act.
 — 2023, c. 8, s. 53
Review of ActDuring the fifth year after the day on which this Act receives royal assent, and during the fifth year after a report is submitted under subsection (2), a comprehensive review of the amendments to the Broadcasting Act that are made by this Act and of their operation must be undertaken by the committee of the Senate, of the House of Commons or of both Houses of Parliament that is designated or established for that purpose.ReportThe committee must, within one year after the review is undertaken — or within any further period that the Senate, the House of Commons or both Houses of Parliament, as the case may be, authorizes — submit a report on the review to the appropriate House or, in the case of a committee of both Houses, to each House, that includes a statement of any changes that the committee recommends.
2023, c. 232023-06-222023, c. 152023-06-202023, c. 82023-04-272020, c. 12020-07-012019, c. 102019-07-112014, c. 20, s. 366(1)2019-06-17